传统知识与减少气候灾害风险:概念、价值和路径  

Traditional Knowledge and Climate Disaster Risk Reduction:Concepts,Values and Routes

作　　者：尹仑 YIN Lun(School of Geography and Ecotourism,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Center of Ecological Civilization Think Tank,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Kunming 650224,China;Southwest Research Center for Eco-civilization,National Forestryand Grassland Administration,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学地理与生态旅游学院,云南昆明650224 [2]中国社会科学院生态文明智库云南中心,云南昆明650224 [3]国家林业和草原局西南生态文明研究中心,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《灾害学》2022年第3期5-11,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：云南省哲学社会科学创新团队建设项目“西南民族应对气候变化的传统生态知识研究”(2022cx04);西南林业大学科研项目“云南三江并流地区气候人类学研究”(112127)。

摘　　要：全球气候变化的背景下,人类社会逐渐意识到面对气候变化带来的挑战和威胁不能仅仅依靠某一种知识体系,应对极端天气事件和灾害也不能只取决于现代科学技术,还需要重视传统知识。减少气候灾害风险相关的传统知识是当地社区代代相传的对气候灾害风险认识、应对和理解的观念、经验、技术和机制,包括信息、技术、机制、习俗和文化五个部分内容。按照气候灾害风险的过程,这一传统知识可以分为灾害发生前的预测、灾害发生中的应对、灾害发生后的恢复三个类型,在减少气候灾害风险中具有重要的作用和价值。实现传统知识在减少气候灾害风险中的主流化路径要首先从诠释到行动、再从行动到策略、最终从策略到政策,包括三个方面:传统知识和科学知识的连结;传统知识纳入减缓、适应的策略中;传统知识和气候政策的融合。In the context of global climate change,human society has gradually realized that facing the challenges and threats brought by climate change can not only rely on a particular knowledge system,but also needs to take traditional knowledge into account.For example,it is not enough to adapt to the extreme weather events and disasters only by modern science and technology.Traditional knowledge related to reducing the risk of climate disaster consists of the concept,reaction,technology and mechanism of recognizing the risk of climate disaster,which arer esponded to and understood by generation after generation of local communities.This traditional knowledge generally includes five parts:information,technology,mechanism,custom and culture.According to the process of climate disaster risk,the traditional knowledge can be divided into three types:prediction before disaster,response during disaster and recovery after disaster,which plays a vital role in reducing climate disaster risk.The main routes of traditional knowledge application in climate disaster risk reduction should be realized from interpretation to action,from action to strategy,and finally from strategy to policy,including three aspects:the connection between traditional knowledge and scientific knowledge;the integration of traditional knowledge into mitigation and adaptation strategies;and the integration of traditional knowledge and climate policy.

关 键 词：气候变化 传统知识 气候风险 减少气候灾害风险 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P44[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X43X915.5