嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌在炎症性肠病和结直肠癌中的作用和机制  

The role of Akkermansia muciniphila in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer

作　　者：蔡坤态 谢璐 郭添福 刘志平[2,3] CAI Kun-tai;XIE Lu;GUO Tian-fu;LIU Zhi-ping(Postgraduate student of Grade 2020,Gannan Medical University;School of Basic Medicine,Gannan Medical University;Center for Immunology,Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000)

机构地区：[1]赣南医学院 [2]赣南医学院基础医学院 [3]赣南医学院炎症与免疫中心,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《赣南医学院学报》2022年第7期741-749,共9页JOURNAL OF GANNAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960163);江西省自然科学基金项目(20171ACB20024);科技创新团队项目(项目编号:TD201703)。

摘　　要：嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌(Akkermansia muciniphila,A.muciniphila)是一种在健康人体内发现的肠道厌氧共生菌,其主要作用是降解黏蛋白产生短链脂肪酸,调节肠道免疫反应,维持肠道内环境平衡。在正常情况下时,A.muciniphila并不诱导结肠肠道疾病的发生。在炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel diseases,IBD)中,A.muciniphila主要发挥预防和改善溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(crohn’s disease,CD)的作用。在UC中,A.muciniphila通过减少促炎细胞因子表达和炎症细胞的浸润,增加抗炎细胞因子的表达和Treg细胞分化,维持肠道屏障完整性,进而减轻结肠损伤并改善结肠炎。在结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)中,A.muciniphila抑制巨噬细胞表达PD-1,激活CTL细胞和DC细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞,或通过抑制CRC细胞的增殖,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,发挥抗肿瘤作用。在宿主有严重免疫缺陷和急性细菌感染时,A.muciniphila也可能加剧IBD或CRC的发生发展。因此,A.muciniphila在IBD和CRC的发生发展中发挥关键作用。本文就A.muciniphila生物特性及其在IBD和CRC中的作用机制进行综述。Akkermansia muciniphilais an intestinal anaerobic symbiotic bacteria,which was found in healthy people.It can degrade mucin to produce short-chain fatty acids,regulate the intestinal immune response and maintain the balance of the intestinal environment.Under normal circumstances,A.muciniphila does not induce colonic intestinal diseases.In inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),A.muciniphila mainly plays a role in preventing and improving ulcerative colitis(UC)and crohn’s disease(CD).In UC,A.muciniphila reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the infiltration of inflammatory cells,increases the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the differentiation of Tregs,and restores intestinal barrier integrity,then reduces colon damage and improves colon inflammation.In colorectal cancer(CRC),A.muciniphila inhibits the expression of PD-1 in macrophages,activates CTL cells and DC cells to kill tumor cells,or inhibits the proliferation of CRC cells,promotes tumor cell apoptosis,and exerts anti-tumor effects.A.muciniphila may also aggravate the formation and development of IBD or CRC when the host has severe immunodeficiency and acute bacterial infection.Therefore,A.muciniphila plays an important role in the occurrence and development of IBD and CRC.In this review,the biological characteristics of A.muciniphila and its specific mechanism in IBD and CRC were summarized.

关 键 词：嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌 炎症性肠病 结肠炎 结直肠癌 

分 类 号：R574[医药卫生—消化系统]