基于入侵植物和蜗牛信息素的非洲大蜗牛新型诱杀剂研究  

Research the new pesticide for Achatina fulica based on invasive plants and snail pheromone

作　　者：王新峰 李再园[1,4] 刘博 乔曦 万方浩 钱万强 刘聪辉 WANG Xinfeng;LI Zaiyuan;LIU Bo;QIAO Xi;WAN Fanghao;QIAN Wanqiang;LIU Conghui(Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Shenzhen Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518120,China;College of Life Sciences,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475004,China;Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518000,China;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所,岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心,广东深圳518120 [2]河南大学生命科学学院,河南开封475004 [3]河南大学深圳研究院,广东深圳518000 [4]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2022年第3期289-294,共6页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31901950);深圳市科技计划项目基础研究专项(JCYJ20190813120401662)。

摘　　要：【目的】非洲大蜗牛是被世界自然保护联盟列入黑名单的一种入侵陆生螺。目前,其主要防治手段是使用化学农药,但化学农药有危害生态环境、威胁生物多样性的副作用。本研究旨在针对化学防治污染生态环境等问题,开发非洲大蜗牛新型植物源诱杀剂。【方法】通过对非洲大蜗牛的诱食、灭杀和诱杀试验测定,对比入侵植物提取物和非洲大蜗牛腹足部腺体中的信息素提取物复配成的诱杀剂对非洲大蜗牛的诱杀效果。【结果】食物诱食试验结果发现,非洲大蜗牛腹足部腺体中的信息素选择比例为40.30%,偏好性明显高于氨基酸、含硫化合物甜菜碱和酵母等。以五爪金龙和薇甘菊2种入侵植物提取物复配成的杀螺剂处理后,在24、48 h时非洲大蜗牛的死亡率分别达到65%、100%。利用信息素为诱剂,结合具有高效毒杀作用的入侵植物(五爪金龙和薇甘菊)粗提物复配成的诱杀剂,引诱率为34.12%,仅次于未复配的信息素(37.45%),而诱杀率明显优于所选择的市售诱杀药物。【结论】以入侵植物五爪金龙和薇甘菊为杀螺剂原料结合非洲大蜗牛诱食信息素,复配制成的诱杀剂(诱杀率31.76%)见效快、杀灭效果强,并且安全环保,减少了农药对生态环境的危害。【Aim】 Achatina fulica is an invasive terrestrial snail,listed among the "World′s Worst Invasive Alien Species" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN).The most widely used means of control are chemical pesticides which are detrimental to the environment and biodiversity.In this study,the aim was to develop a new botanical molluscicide against A.fulica.【Method】 The food preference,and attract-and-kill assays were performed under laboratory conditions on A.fulica,and the induced mortality of extracts from invasive plants and pheromones extracted from abdominal and foot glands of A.fulica were compared.【Result】 The preference for pheromone extracted from the abdominal and foot glands of A.fulica was 40.30%—significantly higher than that for amino acids,sulfur compounds,betaine,and yeast.Combined with the extracts of two invasive plants,Ipomoea cairica and Mikania micrantha,the induced mortality rate at 24 h and 48 h reached 65% and 100%,respectively.Using the snail pheromone as an attractant,combined with the crude extracts of two invasive plants with high toxicity,the attraction rate was 34.12 %,second only to the pure pheromone(37.45%),and the induced mortality was significantly higher than that caused by traditional chemical pesticides available on the market.【Conclusion】 The developed attract-and-kill mixture was more effective and environmentally friendly,allowing to reduce the harmful effect of pesticide applications.

关 键 词：非洲大蜗牛 信息素 植物源 入侵植物 诱杀 

分 类 号：TQ450.1[化学工程—农药化工]