温度、盐度、流速和小球藻对青蛤吐沙净化的影响  

Effects of Temperature, Salinity, Flow Velocity and Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris on Sand Depuration of Clam Cyclina sinensis

作　　者：陈文超 刘金虎 杜以帅[1,4] 孙建明 邱天龙 CHEN Wenchao;LIU Jinhu;DU Yishuai;SUN Jianming;QIU Tianlong(Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,实验海洋生物学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院海洋研究所,海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [4]中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产科学》2022年第5期829-835,共7页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900701);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31702392);广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA17204094-3)。

摘　　要：从自然海区中采捕的青蛤含沙率极高,通常需要经过吐沙净化才能食用。在实验室条件下,以定量化口感测试为评价方法,研究温度、盐度、流速和投喂对青蛤吐沙净化效果的影响。温度设14、18、22、26、30℃共5个梯度;盐度设15、20、25、30共4个梯度;流速设10、20、40、80、160、320 L/h共6个梯度;设投喂和不投喂2个处理;试验开始后的第4、8、12、16 h进行取样。试验结果显示,青蛤在前4 h吐沙净化效率最高,在温度22℃、盐度30、流速40 L/h和不投喂条件下,吐沙4 h后口感测试得分便可达到9分以上。在低温和低盐条件下,青蛤吐沙净化需要更长的时间,提高流速有助于获得更好的净化效果;投喂小球藻组和不投喂小球藻组的吐沙净化效果差异不显著(P>0.05),但从净化成本和饵料对青蛤食用口感影响的不确定性两方面考虑,青蛤吐沙净化时建议不投喂。The clam Cyclina sinensis harvested from natural sea area have extremely high sand content and usually need depuration before they can be eaten. The influence of temperature(14, 18, 22, 26 and 30 ℃), salinity(15, 20, 25 and 30), flow velocity(10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 L/h) and feeding on sand depuration effects were studied in a laboratory, with the method of quantitative taste test.Samples were taken at 4, 8, 12, and 16 h after the start of the experiment. The results showed that the sand depuration process of the clam performed the highest efficiency in the first 4 hours. Under the conditions of temperature 22 ℃, salinity 30, flow velocity 40 L/h and no feeding, the taste test score reached 9 points or more after 4 hours of sand depuration. When depuration was conducted in low-temperature and low-salt conditions, more time was needed for sand depuration and increasing the flow velocity helped to obtain a better depuration effect. There was no significant difference in the sand depuration effect between feeding and non-feeding of green alga Chlorella vulgaris. However, considering the cost and the uncertainty of the influence of live food on the taste of the clams, it is recommended that non-feeding be in sand depuration of the clam.

关 键 词：青蛤 吐沙净化 温度 盐度 流速 投喂 

分 类 号：S985.39[农业科学—捕捞与储运]