不确定性视域中的高等教育变革:视域、知识观、学习观与教学观  

The Reform of Higher Education Idea in the View of Uncertainty:Field of Vision,Knowledge View,Learning View and Teaching View

作　　者：李忠 李致远 Li Zhong;Li Zhiyuan(School of Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学部,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《中国电化教育》2022年第9期61-68,共8页China Educational Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“‘具身’劳动教育的理论与实践研究”(课题编号:BAA200025)研究成果。

摘　　要：高等教育质量提升以知识质量提高为内容,知识质量的提高以不确定的默会知识质量为内核。以不确定性视域审视高等教育的知识观、学习观与教学观,可使高等教育发生结构性与实质性的变革。不确定性视域源自人们对物质世界、人类社会以及人的认识不确定性的发现,目的在于应对世界的不确定性。在不确定性视域中,高等教育中的知识需要从明确知识拓展到包括明确知识在内的默会知识与暗知识领域;而且,明确知识不再是确定不变的真理性知识,而是可以改造、更新和进化的知识。不确定性视域中的高校学生学习,不再限于对明确知识的接受和占有,还包括对默会知识的获得以及对暗知识的应用;学习过程成为学生以实践与反省方式,活化与更新明确知识、获得默会知识和应用暗知识的过程。不确定性视域中的教学过程,不再限于传授与传播明确知识的过程,还包括获得应用知识的知识,通过知识的更新与进化实现人的成长与发展过程;教师不再是知识的化身而是学生学习的伙伴,学生不限于学习主体而是知识主体。不确定性视域中的高等教育愿景、知识观、学习观与教学观,服务于教师和学生的思维能力、实践能力与创新能力的提升与人格完善,实质性地提升高等教育质量。The quality improvement of higher education takes the improvement of knowledge quality as its content and the improvement of knowledge quality takes the tacit knowledge quality of uncertainty as its core.To examine the knowledge view,learning view and teaching view of higher education from the perspective of uncertainty may bring about structural and substantive changes in higher education.The uncertainty horizon is derived from the discovery of the uncertainty of the material world,human society and human cognition,which is a breakthrough of the certainty horizon.In the view of uncertainty,knowledge in higher education is no longer limited to one-dimensional explicit knowledge,but includes explicit knowledge,tacit knowledge and implicit knowledge.Moreover,explicit knowledge is no longer a definite knowledge of truth,but a knowledge that can be transformed,renewed and evolved.In the perspective of uncertainty,college students’learning is no longer limited to the acceptance and possession of explicit knowledge,but also includes the acquisition of tacit knowledge and the application of implicit knowledge.The learning process becomes a process in which students activate and update explicit knowledge,acquire tacit knowledge and apply tacit knowledge by means of practice and reflection.The teaching process in the perspective of uncertainty is no longer limited to the process of imparting and disseminating explicit knowledge,but also includes the acquisition of applied knowledge and the realization of human growth and development through the renewal and evolution of knowledge.Teachers are no longer the embodiment of knowledge but the learning partner of students,and students are not limited to learning subjects but knowledge subjects.The educational vision,knowledge view,learning view and teaching view from the perspective of uncertainty serve to improve teachers’and students’thinking ability,practical ability and innovation ability and improve their personality,and help students learn to cope with the uncertain

关 键 词：知识变迁 一维知识 三维知识 接受与占有 实践与反省 转变 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]