智慧城市时代的灾害治理变革——基于多案例的比较研究  

A Multi-case Comparative Study on Disaster Management Reform in the Era of Smart Cities

作　　者：周利敏[1,2] 陈颖 ZHOU Li-min;CHEN Ying(Department of Sociology,School of Public Administration,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,510006)

机构地区：[1]广州大学公共管理学院 [2]广州大学南方灾害治理研究中心

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2022年第5期160-169,共10页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“面向人工智能时代的灾害治理研究”(项目号:19ASH009);2020年度广州市哲学社会科学十三五规划课题“人工智能发展中的重大社会风险防范研究”(项目号:2020GZYB93)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自然与人为灾害是工业4.0时代城市发生的“不对称威胁”之一,信息与通信技术、无处不在的传感器和先进数据科学最新发展为灾害治理提供了以往无法想象的能力。全球越来越多的国家将智慧城市范式应用于灾害治理,它有效提高了灾害治理能力,甚至成为治理成功与否的关键。智慧城市在灾害治理中的应用包括数字治理、技术治理、智慧治理与多元治理四个基本内涵,它对传统灾害治理形成了新范式、新技术、重新设计、治理能力和综合治理等方面的挑战。政府需要将智慧城市计划作为灾害治理的战略工具,利用智慧城市技术推动灾害治理变革。政府也有责任制定有效的智慧城市规划以保障城市安全,政府规划在灾害治理过程中发挥了关键作用。同时,政府、民众与社会组织需要合作共治,才能促进一种更细致与更包容的智慧治理模式形成。智慧城市范式在灾害治理领域的应用也会遇到信息安全、个人隐私、社会道德、社会排斥、数字鸿沟、政治偏见、错误信息传播及低效的远程工作等陷阱,政府与民众必须考虑与避免这些陷阱,才能最大限度利用它造福城市安全。Natural and man-made disasters are one of the“asymmetric threats”to cities in the age of Industry 4.0,and recent developments in information and communication technologies,ubiquitous sensors and advance data science have provided previously unimaginable capabilities for disaster management.An increasing number of countries around the world have applies the smart city paradigm in disaster management,which can effectively improve disaster management capabilities and even has become the key to the success of governance.The application of the smart city paradigm in disaster governance includes four basic connotations:digital governance,technological governance,smart governance and multi-level governance.It has posed challenges to traditional disaster governance in terms of new paradigms,new technologies,redesign,governance capacity and comprehensive governance.Therefore,the government needs to adopt smart city plans as a strategic tool for disaster management and use smart city technology to improve innovations in disaster management.The government also has the responsibility to formulate effective smart city planning to ensure urban safety,which plays a key role in the process of disaster management.Meanwhile,it is also necessary for the government,the public and social organizations to cooperate and jointly govern to promote the formation of a more specific and inclusive smart governance model.The application of smart cities in disaster management will also encounter problems such as information security,personal privacy,social ethics,social exclusion,digital divide,political prejudice,dissemination of misinformation,and inefficient remote work.The government and the public must attach importance to these problems and avoid them to maximize the use of the smart city paradigm for the benefit of urban security.

关 键 词：智慧城市 数字技术 灾害治理 城市灾害 智慧治理 

分 类 号：D668[政治法律—政治学] C916[政治法律—中外政治制度] D638[经济管理]