何谓“常识心理学”——从当代心理学哲学的观点看  

What Is Folk Psychology——From Perspectives of Philosophy of Psychology Today

作　　者：王姝彦[1,2] 黄晓宁 WANG Shuyan;HUANG Xiaoning

机构地区：[1]山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心,山西太原030006 [2]山西大学哲学社会学学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《学术月刊》2022年第8期25-31,共7页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“心理学哲学的当代解释与重建研究”(17AZX002)阶段性成果之一;2020年度地方高校“高等学校学科创新引智计划”:当代哲学与新科学技术互动作用学科创新引智基地(D20021)年度成果之一。

摘　　要：“常识心理学”是当代心灵哲学研究中流传很广、影响很深的理论观点,其核心思想是因果解释主张和读心假设。然而,基于“老生常谈”的因果解释和以读心假设为主要工作方式的功能主义策略,已遭到许多哲学家、心理学家和认知科学家的诘问。常识心理学的问题并不在于它采用了科学心理学的方法解释心理状态,而在于其对日常行为及其心理动因进行说明时所遵循的理论基础。从心理学哲学维度对常识心理学加以分析,进一步揭示常识心理学存在的困惑,能够帮助我们更清楚地理解常识心理学的地位。常识心理学与科学心理学在解释层次上明显存在差异,而寻求并构建个人层次解释与亚人层次解释之间的有效“衔接”,或许才是解决常识心理学理论困境的较优路向。Folk psychology, a widely influential theory in contemporary philosophy of psychology, focuses on causal explanations and mindreading for mental activities. However, it has been questioned by many philosophers, psychologists and cognitive scientists that causal explanations were based on platitudes and mindreading was accounted for a functionalist strategy as a working way in folk psychology. The puzzle for folk psychology is, not its use of the methods from scientific psychology to explain mental states but, its underlying theory which is followed when it explains causations of everyday behaviors and mental states. An analysis of folk psychology from the philosophy of psychology, displaying the puzzle in folk psychology, will help us better understand its statue in contemporary psychology. Due to the evidential difference between the explanative levels in the folk and scientific psychologies, the best way to solve the puzzle of folk psychology is to construct the interface of explanations between the person level and the sub-person level.

关 键 词：常识心理学 科学心理学 心理学哲学 个人层次解释 亚人层次解释 

分 类 号：B7[哲学宗教—外国哲学]