民国知识群体对海权问题的探讨——以主权、现代化与民族转型为中心  

The Discussion on the Issues of Sea Power in the Period of the Republic of China——Take Sovereignty,Modernization and Transformation of nationality as Center

作　　者：陆烨[1] LU Ye

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院历史研究所,上海200234

出　　处：《学术月刊》2022年第8期187-208,共22页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：民国时期,随着社会裂变与对西方海权理论的了解,中国海权问题探讨者逐渐由地方疆吏转为新兴知识分子群体,探讨议题逐渐聚焦于主权、现代化和民族转型三个方面。在主权问题上,针对西方海权入侵特点,提出构建维护领土和发展海权并行的海防战略;在现代化问题上,提出“海权强国”和“海洋建国”等设想,力图将中国全方位引入全球海洋贸易体系,建设海外贸易为基础的现代化国家;在民族转型问题上,提出以东南沿海族群为引领,带动国家向海洋性社会转型。民国时期海权探讨交织着学习并融入西方与抵制西方侵略的关系、传统与现代的关系、事功与道德的关系等方面的纠葛,体现了知识分子的强国期待与启蒙理想,也反映出其时代与身份局限下的不足和缺憾。During the period of the Republic of China,with the social fission and the understanding of the Western sea power theory,Chinese researchers gradually changed from local officials to emerging intellectuals,who gradually focused the discussion on the three themes of sovereignty,modernization and the change of nationality.On the issue of sovereignty,according to the characteristics of Western sea power invasion,they put forward a coastal defense strategy of maintaining territory and developing sea power.On the issue of modernization,they put forward the ideas of"Using sea power to strengthen national strength"and"Building a new country through overseas trade",trying to introduce China into the global marine trade system in an all-round way and building a modern country based on overseas trade.On the issue of nationality,they proposed to take the residents of the southeast coast as the leaders,let them drive China's transformation to a marine society,and to improve the awareness of the whole nation in terms of sea power.During the period of the Republic of China,scholars'discussion of sea power was intertwined with the relationship between learning external knowledge and resisting western invasion,the relationship between tradition and modernity,and the relationship between achievements and morality.These studies not only reflect the intellectuals'expectation of China becoming a powerful country,but also inspire the people,and also reflect the deficiency and lack of their thoughts under the limitations of the times and identity.

关 键 词：海权主权 现代化 民族性 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]