“敬德”“保民”关系新论——基于周初思想史的考察  

A New Discussion on the Relationship Between “Respecting Virtues” and “Protecting the Populace”——Based on the Investigation of the History of Thought in the Early Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：林国敬 LIN Guojing(Institute of Philosophy and Social Development,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou,China 325035)

机构地区：[1]温州大学哲学与社会发展研究所,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《温州大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第4期89-98,共10页Journal of Wenzhou University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(21FZXB029)。

摘　　要：“敬德”与“保民”是西周政治思想的核心要义,在两者关系上,以往研究普遍认为“保民”由“敬德”孕育。从最初的文献来看,“保民”是武王时期(乃至先周时期)已有的思想,“敬德”是周公摄政后形成的思想。周公将早期先王特别是先周时期先王们的惠民、利民、爱民的“保民”作为提炼为“德”后,“敬德”思想才得以完整呈现。因此,从思想史角度讲,“保民”思想先于“敬德”思想,后者是周公对“保民”思想的进一步推进和深化。“敬德”的提出为“保民”建构了道德的、超越性的约束力量,进而深刻改变了中国早期文化的发展重心。The thoughts of“respecting virtues”(敬德)and“protecting the populace”(保民)are the essential theories of politics in the Western Zhou Dynasty.In terms of the relationship,it is generally believed that“protecting the populace”was derived from“respecting virtues”.However,the relevant original documents show that the thought of“protecting the populace”was existing in the period of King Wu(even in the pre-Zhou period),and the thought of“respecting virtues”was formed after the Regency of Duke Zhou.When Duke Zhou summarized the behaviors of“protecting the populace”by past kings,especially the Pre-Zhou kings as“virtues”,the thought of“respecting virtues”was shaped.Therefore,from the perspective of ideological history,the idea of“protecting the populace”precedes the idea of“respecting virtues”,with the latter further promoting and deepening the former.“Respecting virtues”generates an invisible moral pressure for the king to protect the populace,which has profoundly changed the focus of the development of early Chinese culture.

关 键 词：周公 敬德 保民 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]