重灾区护士灾害救援经历及10年重建心理体验的质性研究  

Relief experience of nurses in hard-hit disaster areas and their perception of psychological reconstruction after 10 years:a qualitative study

作　　者：吴芳 张耀丹[2,8] 李静 魏华[4,8] 黄莉莎[5,8] 冯先琼[6] 李斯俭[7] WU Fang;ZHANG Yaodan;LI Jing;WEI Hua;HUANG Lisha;FENG Xianqiong;LI Sijian(Department of Nursing,Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital,School of Medicine,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,Sichuan 610073,China;ICU,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;Pediatric Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian 361000,China;Department of Pediatric Hematology,West China Second Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;Emergency Department,West China Second Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;School of Nursing,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong 999077,China;School of Disaster Reconstruction and Management,Sichuan University-Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学医学院附属成都市妇女儿童中心医院护理部,四川成都610073 [2]四川大学华西医院ICU,四川成都610041 [3]厦门大学附属中山医院小儿心血管外科,福建厦门361000 [4]四川大学华西第二医院儿童血液内科,四川成都610041 [5]四川大学华西第二医院急诊科,四川成都610041 [6]四川大学华西医院/华西护理学院,四川成都610041 [7]香港理工大学护理学院,中国香港999077 [8]四川大学-香港理工大学灾后重建与管理学院,四川成都610225

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2022年第4期457-461,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：香港赛马会、香港理工大学健康和社会科学院资助(4-ZZHH)。

摘　　要：目的探索重灾区护士参与汶川地震救援的心理体验及灾后10年重建的感悟。方法采用质性研究的方法,对参与汶川地震救援的24名护士进行半结构式访谈,用录音笔和笔记录访谈内容,并将访谈内容转录成文字,通过提取有意义单元,浓缩意义单元,编码、分类,提取主题对访谈内容进行分析。结果通过访谈得出了3个主题:(1)目睹突发性灾害时的“惊慌失措、恐惧不安”;(2)亲历救援现场的“黑暗无助、不断抗争”;(3)回首10年重建后的“自强乐观、活在当下”。结论重灾区护士的救援经历是宝贵的,从目睹灾害发生到参与救援,再到10年重建,他们经历了较为复杂的心理体验过程。应加强对重灾区救援护士的心理的关注,同时也要关注他们所面临的伦理问题。应积极为重灾区救援护士构建良好的社会支持系统,使其保持良好的心理韧性水平和心理健康。Objective To explore the psychological experience of nurses participating in the rescue of Wenchuan earthquake and their perception of reconstruction in the 10 years after the disaster.Methods A qualitative research method was used to conduct a semi-structured interview with 24 nurses participating in the Wenchuan earthquake rescue.The interview content was recorded with a recorder and notes.The interview content was transcribed into words and analyzed by extracting meaningful units,condensing meaningful units,coding,classification,and extracting topics.Results Three themes were obtained from the interview,including:(1)panic and fear when witnessing sudden disasters;(2)experienced the“darkness,helplessness and constant struggle”at the rescue site;and(3)looking back on the“self-improvement,optimism and living in the present”after 10 years of reconstruction.Conclusions The rescue experience of nurses in the hardest hit areas was valuable.From witnessing the disaster to participating in the rescue,and then to 10 years of reconstruction,they experienced a relatively complex psychological experience process.We should pay more attention to the psychology of these nurses participating in rescue in the hardest hit areas,and also pay attention to the ethical problems they faced.We should actively build a good social support system for these nurses to maintain a good level of psychological resilience and mental health.

关 键 词：地震 护士 灾害救援 心理体验 重建 质性研究 

分 类 号：B845.67[哲学宗教—心理学]