机器人使用与中国企业的污染排放  

The Usage of Robots and Enterprises’ Pollution Emissions in China

作　　者：盛丹 卜文超[1,2] Sheng Dan;Bu Wenchao(Center for Transnationals Studies,Nankai University;Institute of International Economics,School of Economics,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学跨国公司研究中心 [2]南开大学经济学院国际经济研究所

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2022年第9期157-176,共20页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71673150)、(71873071);国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AZD001)的资助。

摘　　要：本文利用2006~2013年中国企业污染数据和工业企业数据,采用“巴蒂克工具变量”的因果识别方法,考察了机器人使用对我国企业污染排放的影响。实证结果表明,机器人使用显著抑制了企业污染排放。进一步机制检验发现,机器人使用主要通过人工替代、增加清洁能源使用、增设末端处理设备和增强排污处理能力等渠道降低企业污染排放。本文的研究为客观评估机器人使用对中国环境污染排放的影响提供了微观证据,有助于中国制定机器人使用的配套政策,从而实现经济与环境的协调发展。With the rise of the digital economy and artificial intelligence, the application of robots in enterprise production is becoming more and more universal. According to the statistics of the International Federation of Robotics, the number of industrial robots running in factories around the world has reached 3 million in 2020, of which China’s industrial robot shipments are 168,400 units. From 2006 to 2019, the ownership and installation of industrial robots in China showed a gradual upward trend. The installation and stock of industrial robots in China surpassed Japan and became the world’s largest country in 2013 and 2016, respectively. The extensive use of industrial robots not only has a profound impact on economic growth and social efficiency, but also has significant effects on social employment and wage relations. Then, while having a series of impacts on the social environment, how does the usage of robots affect the natural environment? In other words, what is the relationship between the usage of robots and the pollution emissions of Chinese enterprises? Does the increasing usage of robots improve the severe environmental situation or aggravate the deterioration of the environment? What is the mechanism of its impact? These problems urgently need to be solved and answered by scholars and policy makers. An in-depth study of the above issues is conducive to evaluating the impact of robot use on the economy and society in the digital economy era. More importantly, the research conclusion of this paper encourages China to formulate corresponding industrial support policies for the use of robots to achieve the coordinated development of the economy and environment.In summary, using the robot data from the International Robot Federation and enterprises’ pollution data and industrial enterprises’ data in China between 2006 and 2013, this paper examines the impact of the usage of robots on enterprises’ pollution emissions by employing a “Bartik IV” methodology to establish causality. Potential impa

关 键 词：机器人 企业污染排放强度 工具变量 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]