衬字和变文  

Inserted words and alternate prose

作　　者：沈家煊[1] SHEN Jiaxuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2022年第5期515-521,638,共8页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：本文从一个文本的分析着手,展开说明汉语以整齐对称的骈文为本,散文是骈文加衬字的“变文”。分析的内容涉及衬字的类别和变文的方式。近代和现代的汉语白话也是从骈文蜕化而出,是变化程度较高的变文;变化程度虽然高了,但仍然带有骈文的胎记。文之有骈俪,因于自然,不管如何变化,汉语的组织是以对言格式为主干。变化寓于整齐,认识这一点,对认识语言的本性,对如何改善当今的白话文表达都有重要的启示。Based on the analysis of a script,this paper presents that Chinese texts are actually paralleled verses and Chinese prose is in essence an“alternate prose”(bianwen变文)which is an enriched version of paralleled verse with“inserted words”.This paper analyzes the possible categories of words that can be inserted and discusses the types of text transformation.The analysis suggests that texts of old Mandarin and modern vernacular Chinese are actually derived from paralleled verses.Though having been transformed to a relatively high degree,these texts still contain traces of paralleled verses.Since paralleled speech is a natural phenomenon in Chinese,no matter to what extent verses are transformed,the organization of Chinese texts is still based on the dui-speech format.To recognize that Chinese language combines parallelism with variation and that variation resides in orderliness and balance is significant for a deeper understanding of language nature and a better employment of modern Mandarin Chinese.

关 键 词：衬字 变文 骈文 散文 白话 对言格式 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语] I206[文学—中国文学]