东盟国家大豆种植及其大豆产品进出口结构分析  

Soybean Planting and Soybean Commodities’ Import and Export Trade Structure in ASEAN Countries

作　　者：郭文[1] 代希茜 莫楠 张应青 余晨 田江 耿智德[2] 李露[1] GUO Wen;DAI Xixi;MO Nan;ZHANG Yingqing;YU Chen;TIAN Jiang;GENG Zhide;LI Lu(International Agricultural Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science,Kunming 650205;Institute of Food Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science,Kunming 650205)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院国际农业研究所,昆明650205 [2]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第23期156-164,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省财政预算重大专项子课题“南亚东南亚国际农业联合研发创新示范服务平台专项”(530000210000000023855);2021年云南省农业科学院科技创新及成果转化试点专项经费“国际农业研究创新团队培育”项目(202102AE090036-12)。

摘　　要：为了更好的开展大豆科研工作,本研究对1996-2019年间东盟国家大豆种植规模和2010-2019年间东盟国家的大豆、豆油、豆粕的进出口贸易额数据进行统计分析。结果发现东盟十国的马来西亚、新加坡和文莱未种植大豆,因此本研究中的东盟国家指的是缅甸、老挝、越南、泰国、柬埔寨、菲律宾、印度尼西亚这7个东盟国家(以下简称“东盟七国”)。东盟七国的大豆总收获面积、总产量呈下降的趋势(但缅甸、老挝和柬埔寨的大豆收获面积和总产量总体上升),东盟七国的大豆平均单产总体提高。2010-2019年间,东盟七国大豆、豆油和豆粕的进出口贸易额都在大幅增长,但均呈贸易逆差;其中豆粕进口贸易额占比最大、进口依赖度高。东盟七国的进口大豆和豆粕来源国主要是转基因大豆生产大国;大豆是东盟七国的主要出口类型,且主要出口目的地为欧盟、中国和日韩等地区。东盟七国大豆、豆油、豆粕自中国进口贸易额均下降,出口中国的大豆和豆油贸易额均上升,但几无豆粕出口。建议云南省农业科学院在科技力量和品种资源优势的基础上,进一步加大与东盟七国的科研技术合作与投入,开展秋大豆科技联合攻关,并进行产业化开发示范和替代种植。本研究对维护中国大豆进口来源国多元化和区域粮食安全具有十分重要的意义。To better carry out the scientific research on soybean, the soybean planting scale in ASEAN countries from 1996 to 2019 and the import and export trade volume of soybean, soybean oil and soybean meal in ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2019 were statistically analyzed. The results showed that: from 1996 to2019, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei of the ASEAN did not plant soybean, therefore, Myanmar, Laos,Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, the Philippines and Indonesia of ASEAN were set as the research objects(hereinafter referred to as ASEAN 7 countries). The total harvest area and yield of soybean in ASEAN 7countries showed a downward trend(while the harvest area and yield of soybean in Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia had an increased trend), but the average yield of soybean increased overall. From 2010 to 2019, the import and export trade volume of soybean, soybean oil and soybean meal in ASEAN 7 countries increased significantly, but were all in trade deficit, especially, soybean meal import took the first place and the import dependence was high. The import soybean and soybean meal in ASEAN 7 countries were mainly from genetically modified soybean planting countries, besides that, soybean was the most export commodity in ASEAN 7 countries and the soybean export market were mainly EU, China, Japan and South Korea. The import trade volume of soybean, soybean oil and soybean meal from China declined in ASEAN 7 countries, and the export trade volume of soybean and soybean oil to China increased, but there was few export of oil meal soybean meal. Therefore, it is suggested that Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences should further increase cooperation and investment in scientific and technology research with ASEAN countries based on its scientific and technological strength and variety resource advantages, in order to carry out the joint research on autumn soybean, the industrial development demonstration and the substitute planting. The study has significance to diversifying China’s soybean import source countries and maintaini

关 键 词：东盟 大豆 种植 大豆产品 进出口结构 

分 类 号：F33[经济管理—产业经济] F37