金融性帮助行为评价为洗钱罪的法经济阐释  

The Legislative Motivation Analysis of Part of Helping Money Laundering being Evaluated as Money Laundering Crime by Law and Economics

作　　者：陈灿平[1] 温新宇 CHEN Canping;WEN Xinyu(Collaborative Research Center of Legislation and Justice,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin 300221,China)

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学立法与司法协同研究中心,天津300221

出　　处：《法学论坛》2022年第5期97-106,共10页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金项目《检察案例指导制度的理论创新与实务提升研究》(21BFX011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着利用金融等专业性方法非法转移大额财产案件频发,洗钱犯罪在犯罪链中的作用越来越突出。部分帮助洗钱行为存在被评价为上游犯罪共犯和洗钱罪的两可性,通谋说给出的解释实质是罪名适用即司法上的区别标准,而引入法经济学方法则有利于从罪名设计即立法上得出部分帮助洗钱行为更应独立评价为洗钱罪的理由。在法经济学看来,将部分帮助洗钱行为单独评价为洗钱罪而非上游犯罪共犯更符合效率效益观。具体来说,一方面,从有限理性出发,利用犯罪人的理性认知偏差,将帮助洗钱行为单独评价为洗钱罪能够实现犯罪控制方面的帕累托改进;另一方面,在贪利型经济犯罪领域,洗钱罪灵活的财产刑刑罚结构更具针对性。With the frequent occurrence of money laundering cases using financial methods,the role of money laundering crime in the criminal chain is becoming more and more prominent.Some acts of aiding money laundering are ambiguous in that they are assessed as accomplices in upstream crimes and money laundering crimes.The explanation given by collusion theory is the distinguishing standard in the application of charges(i.e.,judicatory),while the introduction of law and economics method is conducive to obtaining the reasons for aiding money laundering acts to be criminalized separately from the design of charges(i.e.,legislation).From the perspective of law and economics,maybe it is more consistent with efficiency to evaluate the behavior of helping money laundering as the crime of money laundering rather than the accomplice of upstream crime.Specifically,on the one hand,from the perspective of bounded rationality,the criminal’s rational cognitive bias is utilized to separately evaluate money laundering behavior as money laundering crime,which can achieve pareto improvement in crime control.On the other hand,in the field of profiteering crime,the flexible property penalty structure of money laundering crime is more targeted.

关 键 词：帮助洗钱行为 共同犯罪 有限理性 理性认知偏差 法经济分析 

分 类 号：D922.28[政治法律—经济法学]