叶适对荀子的思想定位:别样的“大本已失”而非“思想盟友”  

Ye Shi’s Orientation of Xunzi’s Thoughts:A Different “Loss of Essence” Rather Than “Ideological Ally”

作　　者：朱锋刚 Zhu Fenggang

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学人文与外语学院

出　　处：《社会科学辑刊》2022年第5期47-54,共8页Social Science Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18XZX009)。

摘　　要：叶适思想有两大支点:一是圣贤治世谱系的阐释,一是依据形上学以建构道统。他从形上学的高度回应理学“由内圣推出外王”的偏执和批评荀子因“无体道之宏心”而造成见识甚浅,并以学说的治世效力来衡量先贤能否入列道统。知言(知圣贤言)被视为实现治世的重要依据,其核心要义是“知势”。他突出“利”“力”在治世中的价值优先性,将周公视为治世典范的同时,将孔孟视为迂阔的最大代表。包括荀子在内的前贤都被置于这一视域下来予以评判。与心性之学相比,叶适和荀子重视外王,人们容易将荀子视为叶适抗衡理学的思想盟友,误以为荀子会获得叶适的赞许。的确,叶适与荀子皆关注治世、崇儒、崇周公、“非孟”。然而叶适仅从教化世人的角度肯定荀子性恶与孟子性善具有同等价值,对荀子的“隆礼”“论学”“非十二子”等思想近乎予以逐一批驳。叶适论定荀子“无甚见识”,这表明两者并非思想盟友,在叶适的审视下,荀子无疑是另一意义上的“大本已失”。There are two supporting points in Ye Shi’s thoughts:One is the explanation of the lineage of sages governing the world;the other is the construction of Confucian orthodoxy based on metaphysics. From the height of metaphysics,he responded to the bigotry of Neo-Confucianism of“orderly governance from the inner sage”and criticized Xunzi for his ignorance caused by his“lack of insight into Tao”,and measured whether the sages could be included in orthodoxy by the effectiveness of the theory.“Zhiyan”(knowing the words of sages) is regarded as an important basis to realize the governance of the world,and its core meaning is“zhishi”(knowing the situation). He highlighted the value priority of “benefit”and“force”in governing the world,and regarded Zhou Gong as a model of governing the world while Confucius and Mencius as the biggest representatives of pedantry. The former sages including Xunzi were judged from this perspective. Compared with the theory of mind and nature,Ye Shi and Xunzi attached importance to orderly governance. That’s why people easily regarded Xunzi as the ideological ally of Ye Shi against Neo-Confucianism and mistakenly thought Xunzi would win the approval of Ye Shi. Indeed,Ye Shi and Xunzi both paid attention to governing the world,worshipping Confucianism and Zhou Gong,and“criticizing Mencius”. However,Ye Shi only affirmed that Xunzi’s evil nature and Mencius’ good nature had the same value from the angle of moralizing people,and criticized Xunzi’s thoughts of“emphasizing rites”,“studies” and “criticizing twelve Scholars” one by one. Ye Shi concluded that Xunzi was “ignorant”, which proved that they were not ideological allies. Under Ye Shi’s observation, Xunzi had undoubtedly “lost his essence”in another sense.

关 键 词：崇儒 道统 知言 荀子 叶适 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]