政治兴趣、媒介信任抑或认知需求?--网民媒介使用的心理分析  

Interest in Politics,Media Trust,or Cognitive Needs?--A Psychological Analysis of Netizens’Media Exposure

作　　者：马得勇[1] 候为刚 Ma Deyong;Hou Weigang(School of International Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100091)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京100872

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第5期65-78,共14页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“政治心理学视野下的政治传播研究”(2020030012)。

摘　　要：在海量信息随手可得的互联网时代,网民为什么会选择不同的信息渠道,甚至一部分人不满足于现有的信息供给而花费额外精力去搜寻那些不易获得的信息?基于“2019中国城乡社会治理调查”和“网民社会意识调查”的数据,可从心理学视角尝试分析和解答这一问题。统计分析结果发现,政治兴趣虽然是诱发人们使用各种媒介的最为普遍的因素,但并不能解释人们对媒介渠道偏好的差异,而权威人格、政治满意度、认知需求能够在很大程度上解释为什么人们会选择某一特定信息渠道。对网民选择外媒的原因分析后发现,与人们通常认为的不同,意识形态并非网民选择外媒的原因,而认知需求、政治满意度对网民选择外媒产生了显著的影响。这表明,不能简单套用国外已有研究结论来解释中国网民的媒介使用,今后应更多关注导致中国网民信息获取偏好生成的制度环境及其与个体内在心理特质的互动特性。In the Internet era with uncountable information readily available,why do netizens choose different information channels,and even some people are not satisfied with the existing information supply and spend extra energy to search for the hard-to-obtain information?Based on the data of“2019 Urban and Rural Social Governance Survey of China”and“Netizens’Social Awareness Survey”,we can try to analyze and answer this question from a psychological perspective.The research shows that interest in politics is the most common factor that draws people’s attention to information,but it does not explain the difference in people’s preference in media channels.Authoritarian personality,political satisfaction and cognitive needs are the factors that affect people to choose one particular information channel over another.After analyzing the reasons why netizens choose foreign media,it is found that,contrary to what people usually think,ideology is not the reason why netizens choose foreign media,but cognitive needs and political satisfaction have a significant impact on netizens’choice of foreign media.This shows that the media use by Chinese netizens cannot be explained simply by the conclusions of existing research abroad.

关 键 词：媒介使用 意识形态 认知需求 政治兴趣 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理] G206[社会学]