1980—2020年粤港澳大湾区生境质量变化特征  

Evolution of Habitat Quality and Its Influencing Factors in the Different Terrain Gradient of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1980 to 2020

作　　者：郑贱成[1] 谢炳庚[1] 游细斌 ZHENG Jiancheng;XIE Binggeng;YOU Xibin(School of Geographic Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,Hunan,China;Cllge of Tourism and Geography,Shaoguan Universiy,Shaoguan 512005,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学地理科学学院,中国湖南长沙410081 [2]韶关学院旅游与地理学院,中国广东韶关512005

出　　处：《经济地理》2022年第8期41-50,共10页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U19A2051)。

摘　　要：文章利用InVEST模型估算粤港澳大湾区生境质量指数,分析其生境质量变化特征,再基于地形位视角测算其地形梯度分异特征,借助地理探测器探测不同地形梯度上生境质量变化的主导影响因素。主要结果包括:(1)生境质量指数均值在1980—1990年略有提升,1991—2020年30年间持续降低;空间上在中南部及沿海呈现热点变化、香港、澳门以及北部或东北部出现冷点变化的区域异质性。(2)1980年由低至高的5种等级生境质量的地形梯度分布呈现高—低二段式空间结构;从2005年开始则呈现高—中—低三段式空间格局,低等级生境质量的低段地形位优势加强,高等级生境质量的高段地形位优势不断减弱。(3)地形位高、低段区域,各影响因子对生境变化的重要程度各异,土壤类型在中、低段地形位区域的贡献力最大,GDP和人口在高、低段地形位的贡献力位居前列,在各地形梯度内部,DEM、坡度等地形因子对生境质量变化的支撑或限制作用不甚明显。文章认为,生境质量及其影响因素存在空间异质性或空间分层现象,改善和保护生态环境、恢复和保护生物多样性需要全面认知生境质量空间异质性,系统了解其分异特征及机制。Exploring the evolution and the topographic differentiation mechanism of the habitat quality is helpful for better understanding and consolidating the basic research on regional ecological environment. This study uses the InVEST model to estimate the habitat quality of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and analyze the evolution of habitat quality from 1980 to 2020. It explores the terrain gradient law from the perspective of topographic position and analyzes the dominant impact factors of habitat quality on different terrain gradient using the GeoDetector.The results show that: (1) The mean value and standard deviation of habitat quality index varied from year to year. The mean value of habitat quality index was 0.638 in 1980, 0.641 in 2000 and 0.618 in 2020. The corresponding standard deviations are 0.473, 0.472 and 0.477 respectively. Spatially,there is a regional heterogeneity of the hotspot changes in the central-southern and coastal regions of the study area,while the coldspot changes were observed in Hong Kong,Macao,and the northern and northeastern regions of the study area. (2) In 1980, the terrain gradient distribution of five grades of habitat quality showed a two-stage spatial structure. Since 2005,it has showed the distribution characteristics of a threestage spatial pattern which are the high, middle and low stages. The advantage of low-level habitat quality in low terrain position becomes stronger,while the advantage of high-level habitat quality in high terrain position becomes weaker. (3) In different terrain regions,the importance of each factors on habitat quality change is different. The soil types in middle and low terrain positions is the most important in its contribution, while GDP and population in high and low terrain positions also have great importance compared with other factors. In the interior of each terrain positions, DEM, slope and other topographic factors have no obvious supporting or limiting effect on the change of habitat quality. The spatial heterogeneity or spa

关 键 词：生境质量 时空异质性 地形梯度 分异机制 土地利用类型 粤港澳大湾区 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]