风屏障对桥上列车及桥梁气动特性影响数值模拟研究  

Numerical Simulation of the Influences of Wind Barriers on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Trains on Bridge and Bridges

作　　者：邹思敏 何旭辉[1,2] 王汉封[1,2] ZOU Simin;HE Xuhui;WANG Hanfeng(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China;National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2022年第5期51-59,共9页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1934209,51925808,52078505);腾讯基金会科学探索奖(2021);中国中铁股份有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(2021-专项-04-2);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2022M713516)。

摘　　要：采用数值模拟方法分别建立桥上静态和移动列车数值模型,基于2种模型研究不同风向角及风屏障对桥上列车和桥梁气动特性的影响规律。结果表明:当风向角小于42°时,头车的阻力系数最大可达中车的1.5倍,且远大于尾车,因此头车是桥上列车运行时的关键部位,其行车安全受横风影响更大;2.05 m风屏障对列车和桥梁的气动特性影响十分显著,有效减小了移动列车和桥梁的表面风压和气动力,降低了横风对列车和桥梁的影响,有助于提高桥上列车的安全性;而对于桥上静态列车模型而言,在风向角为90°时列车的气动力和表面风压会因风屏障而增大;总体而言,合成风向角法可以在很大程度上反映列车在上游桥道运行时的气动特性,但受风屏障影响时该方法不再适用;当列车在桥上运行时,横风与列车风叠加产生的气动特性表现出十分显著的瞬态效应,静态模型无法揭示桥上列车和桥梁的非定常气动特性。The numerical models of static and moving trains on the bridge are established by numerical simulation respectively, and then the influence laws of different wind angles and wind barriers on the aerodynamic characteristics of the train and the bridge are studied based on the two models. The results show that the resistance coefficient of the leading vehicle is up to a maximum of 1. 5 times than that of the middle vehicle, and is much larger than that of the tail vehicle when the wind angle is less than 42°. Therefore, the leading vehicle is the key part of train operation on the bridge, and the safety of train operation is more affected by crosswind. The wind barrier with the height of 2. 05 m has a significant impact on the aerodynamic characteristics of the train and the bridge, which effectively reduces the surface wind pressure and aerodynamic force of the moving train and the bridge. It reduces the impact of crosswind on the train and the bridge, thus improving their operation safety. While for the stationary train model on the bridge, the aerodynamic force and surface wind pressure of the train will increase due to the wind barrier when the wind angle is 90°. In general,the synthetic wind angle method, to a great extent, can reflect the aerodynamic characteristics of the train operating on the upstream of the bridge, but it is no longer applicable when the train is affected by wind barriers.When the train is operating on the bridge, the superposition of crosswind and train slipstream indicates a significant transient effect on the aerodynamic characteristics, and the stationary model cannot reveal the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of the train and the bridge.

关 键 词：移动列车 静止列车 桥梁 横风 风屏障 气动特性 

分 类 号：U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程]