线性涡流制动电磁铁温升特性  

Temperature Rise Characteristics of Electromagnet with Linear Eddy Current Braking

作　　者：高立群 丁福焰 王立宁 王立超 王可 GAO Liqun;DING Fuyan;WANG Lining;WANG Lichao;WANG Ke(Locomotive and Car Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Technology Center,Beijing Zongheng Electro-Mechanical Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所,北京100081 [2]北京纵横机电科技有限公司技术中心,北京100094

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2022年第5期94-101,共8页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(P2019J023);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题(2020YJ144)。

摘　　要：为研究不同励磁电流下电磁铁各部分的温度分布及其随时间的变化关系,利用Flux软件建立某线性涡流制动电磁铁电磁-热-流-固耦合有限元模型,其中电磁铁与空气接触面的传热不采用添加简化、单一的对流换热系数方式,而采用固流体耦合方式模拟。通过涡流制动电磁铁试验台对电磁铁进行温升试验,分析电磁铁各零件的温升随时间的变化关系,并与仿真结果进行对比。结果表明:电磁-热-流-固耦合有限元模型可准确模拟涡流制动电磁铁各部分的温升特性;励磁电流越大,电磁线圈温升越快,达到温度限值的时间越短,越不利于电磁铁散热;传热过程中,材料的导热能力与零件之间的接触热阻对电磁铁散热影响很大;采用固流体耦合传热计算方式,可模拟电磁铁表面的温度分布,更接近实际情况。In order to study the temperature distribution of individual parts of the electromagnet and their relationships with time under different excitation currents, an electromagnetic-thermal-fluid-solid coupling finite element model of the electromagnet with linear eddy current braking was built using the software Flux. Heat transfer between the electromagnet and the air interface is simulated by solid-fluid coupling rather than adding simplified and single convective heat transfer coefficients. Using the eddy current braking electromagnetic test bench to test the temperature rise of the electromagnet, the changing relationships of the temperature rise of individual electromagnet parts over time are analyzed;and then the comparison between the test and the simulation results is carried out. The results show that the electromagnetic-thermal-fluid-solid coupling finite element model can accurately simulate the temperature rise characteristics of individual parts of the electromagnet with eddy current braking. The higher the excitation current, the faster the temperature rise of the electromagnet coil, the shorter the time taken to reach the temperature limit, and the more adverse the result is to the heat dissipation of the electromagnet. Thermal conductivity of the material and the contact thermal resistance between the parts have a great influence on the heat dissipation of the electromagnet during the process of heat transfer. Adopting the calculation method of solid-fluid coupling heat transfer can simulate the temperature distribution of the electromagnet surface, which is closer to the practical situation.

关 键 词：线性涡流制动 电磁铁 温升仿真 温升试验 高速列车 

分 类 号：U260.357[机械工程—车辆工程]