滇西北高海拔地区小黑麦与饲用豌豆混播草地综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Mixed Grassland of Triticale and Feeding pea in High-elevation of Northwestern Yunnan

作　　者：刘彦培 薛世明[1] 钟绍丽 刘云松 蔡明[1] 侯洁琼 张博琰 匡崇义[1] 徐驰[1] 高月娥[1] 吴梦霞[1] 张美艳[1] LIU Yan-pei;XUE Shi-ming;ZHONG Shao-li;LIU Yun-song;CAI Ming;HOU Jie-qiong;ZHANG Bo-yan;KUANG Chong-yi;XU Chi;GAO Yue-e;WU Meng-xia;ZHANG Mei-yan(Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science,Kunming,Yunnan Province 650212,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Longkaikou Town,Heqing County,Dali,Yunnan Province 671506,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南昆明650212 [2]鹤庆县龙开口镇畜牧兽医站,云南大理671506

出　　处：《草地学报》2022年第9期2497-2504,共8页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才(2019HB035);云南迪庆社区饲草稳产提质关键技术研究(2018YFD0502402-4);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-34);南方地区饲草配置组合与轮作复合技术示范推广(16200157-21);院士工作站(2018IC074)和云岭产业技术领军人才(云发改人事﹝2015﹞1495号)资助。

摘　　要：为探究滇西北高海拔地区提高牦牛养殖补饲水平、促进产业结构调整、实现高原特色畜牧业绿色健康发展的草地建植模式。在迪庆藏族自治州香格里拉市小中甸县开展了小黑麦(×Triticosecale Wittmack,T)和饲用豌豆(Pisum Sativum,F)混播试验,对不同处理下的饲草产量、品质和土壤养分等进行评价。结果表明:饲用豌豆与小黑麦适当混播在一定程度上可增加饲用豌豆的株高,有利于田间收获;适宜混播可有效提高饲草产量,混播比例T∶F为40∶60可获得较高的饲草产量,与小黑麦单播相比,干草产量增加59%,鲜草产量增加113.1%;与饲用豌豆单播相比,干草产量增加18.9%,鲜草产量增加10.1%;该比例下的粗蛋白含量为18.5%;较小黑麦单播处理,小黑麦与饲用豌豆适宜混播可改善土壤速效磷和速效钾含量。综合考虑饲草产量、品质和表层土壤性状,得出小黑麦与饲用豌豆混播最佳比例是40∶60。The aim of this study is to explore the appropriate grass planting patterns for improving the supplymentary feeding level of yak breeding,promoting the adjustment of industrial structure,and realizing the green and healthy development of animal husbandry with plateau characteristics in high-elevation northwestern Yunnan.For this,mixed annual grassland of triticale(×Triticosecale Wittmack,T)and feed pea(Pisum Sativum,F)were established in autumn in Xiaozhongdian town in Shangri-La City.Factors such as forage yield,quality and soil nutrients of the trial mixture treatments were evaluated.The results showed that appropriate mixed sowing of the two varieties could increase plant height of feed pea to a certain extent,which was beneficial for the field harvest.The mixed sowing of T and F could effectively increase forage yield.The mixture sowing treatment of T∶F 40∶60obtained the highest forage yield,compared to triticale single sowing treatment,hay yield increased by 59%,fresh yield increased by 113.1%.Compared to feed pea single sowing treatment,hay yield was increased by 18.9%,and fresh yield was increased by 10.1%under the mixture treatment of T∶F 40∶60.The CP content was 18.5%under the treatment of T∶F 40∶60.Compared to the single sowing of triticale,suitable mixed sowing of triticale and feeding pea could improve content of soil available phosphorus and potassium.Overall,considering the forage yield,quality and surface soil characteristics,the best mixed sowing ratio was T∶F 40∶60.

关 键 词：小黑麦 饲用豌豆 混播 高海拔地区 营养品质 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S352.59[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]