认知控制的层级性:来自任务切换的脑电证据  

Hierarchical control in task switching:Electrophysiological evidence

作　　者：吴建校 曹碧华[1] 陈云 李子夏 李富洪[1] WU Jianxiao;CAO Bihua;CHEN Yun;LI Zixia;LI Fuhong(School of Psychology,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;School of Business Administration,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学心理学院,南昌330022 [2]南昌工程学院工商管理学院,南昌330099

出　　处：《心理学报》2022年第10期1167-1180,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760285);江西省高校人文社会科学项目(XL19209);江西省教育科学“十四五”规划项目(21YB209);江西省高校辅导员名师工作室资助。

摘　　要：认知控制的主要研究范式之一是任务切换。以往研究发现切换代价受到认知控制层级性的调节,但鲜有研究探索这一调节过程的动态神经机制。本研究通过嵌套的线索-任务切换范式考察不同层级任务切换代价的差异及其神经机制。在实验中,要求被试完成高低两种层级任务,低层级任务要求被试判断数字大小(或奇偶);高层级任务则须先加工数字的某一语义特征(如当前数字是否是偶数),然后进行大小判断。行为结果表明,高层级任务切换代价显著大于低层级任务切换代价。线索锁时的脑电结果表明,层级效应最早出现于P2成分,切换效应(切换与重复之差)在CNV成分上受到任务层级的调控,反映了在任务目标重构阶段给予高层级任务更多的选择性注意以及更高的主动性控制。目标锁时的脑电结果表明,在N2及慢波(SP)成分上,高层级任务切换与重复的波幅差异相比低层级任务显著更大,反映了在抑制旧任务集与重构新反应集的过程中增强的反应性控制。这些结果为任务设置重构论和认知控制的层级性提供了新的证据。The task-switching paradigm is one of the leading research paradigms that is widely used to explore cognitive control.Previous studies have shown that switch costs are greater for high hierarchical tasks than for low hierarchical tasks,and a number of ERP studies on rule structure learning,rule switching,task complexity,and asymmetric task switching have coherently found that N2,P3,and late components are associated with the hierarchical control process.For example,Lu et al.(2017)designed three levels of tasks,but were not concerned with switch costs.Li et al.(2019)also designed three levels of tasks,but were concerned with asymmetric switch costs.The other two studies focused on stimulus or rule switching without concern for task switching.However,to date,no study has clearly addressed the ERP correlates of hierarchical effects in task-switching.A nested cue-task switching paradigm was used to investigate the brain responses associated with different hierarchical effects in task switching.Participants were asked to perform two hierarchical tasks.In the low hierarchical task,participants judged digits(1–9,except 5)as large/small or odd/even,respectively.In the high hierarchical task,participants identified the semantic features of the presented digits(e.g.,whether the digit was an even number)before they performed the low hierarchical task(e.g.,the large/small task).For example,participants first identified whether the current number was a large digit(i.e.,greater than five)and then made an odd/even judgment on it.If the current number was not greater than five,then they did not respond(no-go trials).The proportion of no-go trials was 16%,and the no-go and subsequent go trials were excluded from data analysis.Thirty Chinese students(15 males)participated in the EEG experiment.They were asked to press the“F”key for odd or large numbers and the“J”key for even or small numbers.The links between the attributes of the cues and response keys were counterbalanced between participants.Behavioral results showed

关 键 词：认知控制 任务切换 切换代价 层级控制 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]