“增益”还是“损耗”?挑战性工作要求对工作-家庭增益的“双刃剑”影响  

Gain or Loss?Examining the double-edged sword effect of challenge demand on work-family enrichment

作　　者：徐姗[1] 张昱城 张冰然 施俊琦[3] 袁梦莎 任迎伟[1] XU Shan;ZHANG Yucheng;ZHANG Bingran;SHI Junqi;YUAN Mengsha;REN Yingwei(School of Business Administration,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130,China;School of Economics and Management,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;School of Management,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;School of Economics and Management,Chengdu Sport University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学工商管理学院,成都611130 [2]河北工业大学经济与管理学院,天津300401 [3]浙江大学管理学院,杭州310058 [4]成都体育学院经济管理学院,成都610041

出　　处：《心理学报》2022年第10期1234-1247,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72002174,71972065);教育部人文社科项目(18XJC630006);河北省高校百名优秀创新人才支持计划(SLRC2019002);西南财经大学“光华英才工程”资助。

摘　　要：基于资源保存理论和不确定管理理论,采用日记研究法收集81个样本10个工作日的数据,从静态和动态两个视角,通过明晰挑战性工作要求的不同属性(每日水平、平均水平、日间变动、波动变化),全面检验了挑战性工作要求对工作-家庭增益的影响。研究结果表明:(1)在静态模型中,挑战性工作要求通过工作专注度(增益路径)和放松(损耗路径)作用于工作-家庭增益,且在个体间的平均水平模型中,放松的中介作用更为显著;(2)在动态模型中,挑战性工作要求的日间变动和波动变化,均通过减少员工工作专注度和放松,进而降低工作-家庭增益。最后,本研究讨论了管理者应重视挑战性工作要求的双刃剑作用等实践启示。The balance of work and family has received widespread attention from managers and researchers in recent years.Previous research claims that job demand,as a kind of pressure felt by employees,reduces employees’work motivation,increases employee fatigue and anxiety,and hinders work-family enrichment.However,different job demands(e.g.,challenge demand and hindrance demand)have different effects on employees.Challenge demand,which gives individuals the opportunity to acquire new knowledge and promote personal growth,influences work-family enrichment in a complex way.However,few researches pay sufficient attention to the mechanism of the double-edged effect in the relationship between challenge demand and work-family enrichment.In addition,although scholarly research on job demand and work-family enrichment has increasingly focused on within-person fluctuations in recent years,how to examine the“dynamic”effects of challenge demand on work-family enrichment has received little attention.Therefore,based on conservation of resource theory and uncertainty management theory and from static and dynamic perspectives,we comprehensively examined the effects of challenge demand on work-family enrichment by clarifying the different attributes of challenge demand(daily level model,average level model,daily shift model,and variability model).We tested our hypothesis by conducting a diary study of 105 participations over 10 working days.Data were collected via a job demand scale,work absorption scale,relaxation scale,and work-family enrichment scale.First,we recorded control variables(gender,marital status,and spouse’s work status)during the weekends.Second,researchers collected daily data(challenge demand,hindrance demand,work absorption,relaxation,and work-family enrichment)from 4:00 p.m.to 10:00 p.m.each workday.Ultimately,645 valid data points at the within-person level were available for 81 participants.Using SPSS 24.0,Mplus 7.0,and R software,we conducted a multilevel path analysis to examine the theoretical model.Co

关 键 词：挑战性工作要求 工作-家庭增益 日间变动方向性 波动变化 日记研究法 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C93[哲学宗教—心理学]