水稻丰产与稻田甲烷减排协同的研究展望  

Higher rice yields and lower methane emissions can be reconciled for rice cultivation:a review

作　　者：江瑜 朱相成[1,2] 钱浩宇 张楠 丁艳锋[1] JIANG Yu;ZHU Xiangcheng;QIAN Haoyu;ZHANG Nan;DING Yanfeng(Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment,Yichun University,Yichun 336000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,江苏南京210095 [2]宜春学院生命科学与资源环境学院,江西宜春336000

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2022年第5期839-847,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32022061);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KJYQ202101)。

摘　　要：水稻是中国第一大口粮作物,稻田是第二大温室气体甲烷的重要人为排放源之一,稻田甲烷减排对农业碳中和意义重大。稻田甲烷排放是甲烷产生和氧化的净效应,与水稻植株和农艺措施密切相关。本文重点论述水稻丰产条件下植株特性、农艺措施及两者互作对稻田温室气体排放影响及机制;明确中国水稻生长季甲烷排放动态的主体模式,即排放高峰期在拔节前,甲烷排放占57%~66%。在此基础上,未来应加强泌氧能力强的水稻品种选育,优化秸秆还田和前期水分管理技术,探索土壤微生物减排调控途径,实现水稻甲烷减排;各区域应因地制宜采取合理的农艺措施,集成稻田丰产减排技术新模式。Rice is the most important food crop in China and rice paddies are a major source of anthropogenic methane emissions.Therefore,reducing methane emissions from rice paddies have significant implication for carbon neutral in agriculture.Net methane emissions from rice paddies are determined by the balance between methane production and oxidation.Rice plant traits and agronomic practices strongly affect methane emissions.This review focuses on the effect of plant traits and agronomic practices and their interaction on methane emissions.Meanwhile,we found that peak methane fluxes occurred before jointing stage,which represent as much as 57%-66%of seasonal methane emission in China’s rice paddies.We recommend breeding new variety with strong drought resistance and high radial oxygen loss,improving straw returning practice and water management during tillering stage,and exploring soil microbial pathways.Moreover,in the different rice planted areas,we should select different agronomic practices to combine new cropping modes for high rice yield with low greenhouse gas emission.

关 键 词：温室气体排放 甲烷 稻田 植株特性 农艺措施 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]