死亡邀请与本真追寻——纳博科夫《斩首之邀》的存在论阐释  

Invitation to Death and the Pursuit of Authenticity:An Ontological Interpretation of Nabokov’s Novel Invitation to a Beheading

作　　者：石馥毓 Shi Fuyu

机构地区：[1]大连外国语大学俄语学院

出　　处：《中国俄语教学》2022年第3期59-66,共8页Russian in China

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“当代俄罗斯文学批评流派研究”(17BWW034);教育部人文社会科学青年项目“爱普施坦文学批评思想研究”(21YJC752013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《斩首之邀》作为纳博科夫最为看重的作品,集中体现了作家对存在与死亡在生存论—存在论层面的哲思。纳博科夫将“存在”主题隐藏在精神病患主人公的碎片化世界图景中,用“时空之狱”隐喻此在在世的“存在之狱”,意指人类欲与世界照面所必需付出的代价是承受生存之有限性。作为这种有限性极端表现形式的死亡,是人生存活动的重要参照物,是促使主人公实现从非本真存在状态转变到本真存在状态的直接动因。对死亡无“畏”的解读,使纳博科夫极富浪漫色彩地将“斩首之刑”隐喻为“破茧成蝶”,使其成为摆脱沉沦、直面本真的神圣仪式。As one of Nabokov’s most important works,Invitation to a Beheading embodies the writer’s philosophical thoughts on existence and death in the existential-ontological level. The writer conceals the theme of “existence” under the fragmented world picture of the psychotic protagonist, uses the prison of time-space as a metaphor for the prison of existence,and then expresses that the price for human beings to face the world is to bear the fnitude of existence. Death, as the extreme manifestation of this finitude, is an important reference for human existence and a direct cause for the transformation of the protagonist from inauthentic existence to authentic existence. The interpretation of death without angst led Nabokov to romantically compare beheading to the eclosion of a butterfy from a cocoon,making it a sacred rite of getting out of falling(Verfallen) and facing the authenticity.

关 键 词：《斩首之邀》 时空之狱 存在 本真 死亡 

分 类 号：H35[语言文字—俄语]