生命周期视角下中国餐饮浪费的生态环境效应研究  

Study on Eco-Environmental Impact of Restaurant Food Waste in China Based on Life Cycle Assessment Method

作　　者：董战峰 张力小[2] 赵元浩 郝春旭 于鑫 陈孚 DONG Zhanfeng;ZHANG Lixiao;ZHAO Yuanhao;HAO Chunxu;YU Xin;CHEN Fu(Chinese Academy for Environment Planning,Beijing 100012,China;School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;World Wildlife Fund Beijing Representative Office,Beijing 100037,China;United Nations World Food Programme China Office,Beijing 100600,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部环境规划院,北京100012 [2]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [3]世界自然基金会北京代表处,北京100037 [4]联合国世界粮食计划署中国办公室,北京100600

出　　处：《生态经济》2022年第10期13-19,共7页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“加快推进生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化研究”(20&ZD092)。

摘　　要：以城市餐饮浪费为研究对象,采用生命周期分析定量评估了我国餐饮浪费导致的生态环境影响。研究结果表明,中国城市居民餐饮浪费造成的生态环境影响巨大,每年浪费约440×10^(8) m^(3)水资源、460×10^(4) hm^(2)土地资源,排放约550×10^(4) t CO_(2)-eq温室气体,造成约1051×10^(4) t N氮足迹和290.7×10^(4) ghm^(2)生态足迹,经济损失约3000亿元。肉类是导致环境足迹的主要食物,在不同环境足迹的占比达到53%~78%。从区域来看,呈现东部向西部减少的趋势。大型餐馆的餐饮浪费导致的环境足迹更大,而快餐店相对较少。建议深入推进生态文明建设,高度重视餐饮浪费问题,通过积极倡导践行绿色低碳生活,加强制止餐饮浪费的立法与实施,建立制止餐饮浪费激励制度,积极出台减少餐饮浪费的配套措施,引导全社会形成餐饮节约适度消费新风尚。This study analyzes the eco-environmental impact caused by water footprint,land footprint,carbon footprint,nitrogen footprint,ecological footprint and economic cost of restaurant food waste in China from the life cycle perspective.Results showed that restaurant food waste in China causes about 44 billion m^(3) water footprint,4.6 million hm^(2) land footprint,10.51 million t N nitrogen footprint and 2.907 million ghm^(2) ecology foodprint,and emits about 5.5 million t CO_(2)-eq greenhouse gases and causes about 300 billion yuan of economic losses.Meat is the main food that causes environmental footprint,accounting for 53%-78%of different environmental footprints.From a regional perspective,there is a decreasing trend from east to west.Food waste in large restaurants has a larger environmental footprint than fast food restaurants.It is recommended to further promote the construction of ecological civilization,focus on the problem of food waste,practice green and low-carbon life,explore the establishment of systems such as industry fixed deposits,and use taxation and other incentive policies to guide the whole society to form a new trend of food saving and moderate consumption.

关 键 词：餐饮浪费 生命周期分析 生态环境影响 政策建议 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]