教育财政集权、成本分担与地方公共品供给——以中职免费政策实施为例  

The Centralization of Education Finance,Cost Sharing,and Supply of Local Public Goods:The Case of the Implementation of the Tuitionfree Policy for Secondary Vocational Education

作　　者：田志磊[1,2] 何婷婷 魏易 TIAN Zhilei;HE Tingting;WEI Yi

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国教育财政科学研究所,北京100871 [2]江西师范大学财政金融学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2022年第2期147-173,192,共28页Peking University Education Review

摘　　要：21世纪初以来,教育财政体系建设彰显了中央意志、保障了教育投入,但是政策集权化与地方偏好异质性之间的矛盾日益突出。基于空间断点设计,本文估计了2012年中职免费政策对温州的影响。更高的免学费补助分担比例通过降低地方政府教育供给而导致中职入学率的下降,降幅接近30%,地方政府教育供给意愿下降对民办中职学校的伤害远大于公办中职学校;进一步分析表明,免学费政策实施后,地方政府供给意愿的变化取决于中职学校融入区域产业的深度、地方政府从产业创造财富中所得份额。收费及成本分担方式作为教育财政事权的一部分,如果重心过高,缺乏对地方偏好、利益格局的充分考虑,可能导致公共品供给效率的损失。Since the early 21 st century,the construction of the educational financial system has highlighted the will of the central government and guaranteed education investment.However,the contradictions between the centralized policy and the heterogeneous preference of local government have become increasingly prominent.Based on the spatial regression discontinuity design,this article estimates the effects of the tuition-free policy for secondary vocational education in Wenzhou.By reducing the education supply of local government,a higher share of tuition-free subsidies leads to a nearly 30%lower enrollment rate,while the declined willingness of education supply is far more harmful to private schools than public schools.Further analysis shows that shifts in local government’s willingness to supply depending on the promotion of secondary vocational education’s integration into the regional industry and the share obtained from the wealth created by the industry after the implementation of the tuition-free policy.Charge and cost-sharing mechanisms are parts of the fiscal powers of education,if the core is too high,without adequate consideration of preferences and interest patterns,may result in efficiency losses in the supply of the public goods.

关 键 词：中职免学费 公共物品 产教融合 空间断点设计 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]