城市热岛效应对建筑形态的响应及其昼夜变化研究  

Response of Urban Heat Island Effect to Morphology Characteristics of Buildings and Its Diurnal Variation

作　　者：袁帅 张金梦 徐志刚[3] 唐歌实 王驰 陈吉科 YUAN Shuai;ZHANG Jin-meng;XU Zhi-gang;TANG Ge-shi;WANG Chi;CHEN Ji-ke(School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044;College of Urban and Environment Science,Jiangsu Second Normal University,Nanjing 211200;School of Resource Engineering,Longyan University,Longyan 364012;Xuzhou Changcheng Foundation Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Xuzhou 221000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学遥感与测绘工程学院,江苏南京210044 [2]江苏第二师范学院城市资源与环境学院,江苏南京211200 [3]龙岩学院资源工程学院,福建龙岩364012 [4]徐州长城基础工程有限公司,江苏徐州221000

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2022年第5期40-46,共7页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42101354);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2019M661885);福建省科技计划引导性项目(2021Y0038);新罗区奇迈科技创新基金项目(XLQM004);上杭县奇迈科技创新基金项目(2020SHQM14)。

摘　　要：城市建筑三维形态通过改变空气流动和地表能量过程影响城市地表热环境的时空格局。然而,当前多数研究集中于探讨城市建筑二维形态对地表热环境的影响,导致城市建筑二维及三维形态对地表热环境的联合影响机制及其昼夜差异尚不明确。该文以南京市主城区为例,基于多源遥感融合数据量化城市建筑二维和三维形态,并采用梯度提升回归树模型探究昼夜地表温度对建筑二维和三维形态的响应机制。结果表明:建筑二维和三维形态对地表温度的影响具有空间尺度依赖性,对南京市建筑形态与昼夜地表温度之间关系进行研究的最佳空间尺度为450 m;白天地表温度空间变异主要受建筑二维形态影响,而夜间地表温度空间变异的主导因素为建筑三维形态;从城市建筑二维和三维形态关键指标对地表温度的边际效应发现,不同建筑形态指标对地表温度的影响模式不同,且具有昼夜差异性。研究结果有助于从三维视角深化城市建筑对热岛效应的作用机理,从而为城市可持续发展提供理论指导。The three-dimensional(3D)urban morphology of buildings can affect the spatio-temporal pattern of urban surface thermal environment by changing the air flow and surface energy process.However,most studies focus on the influence of the two-dimensional(2D)urban morphology of buildings on the surface thermal environment now,it is still unclear how 2D and 3D urban morphology of buildings interact to impact the surface thermal environment as well as its diurnal contrast.In this study,taking the main urban area of Nanjing as an experimental area,we quantify the 2D and 3D morphology of urban buildings based on multi-source remote sensing data,and further adopt the gradient boosting regression tree model to explore the response mechanism of diurnal land surface temperature(LST)to the 2D and 3D building morphology.The results show that the influences of 2D and 3D building morphology on LST vary with the spatial scale and the optimal statistical unit is 450 m for Nanjing.The spatial variation of LST during the daytime is mainly affected by the 2D building morphology,while the dominant factor of spatial differentiation of LST at night is the 3D building morphology.According to the marginal effects of 2D and 3D morphology indices on LST,it is found that the correlation modes of different building morphology indices and LST are different,showing a certain diurnal variation.The study is of great importance to give new insights into the impact mechanism of urban buildings on heat island from the 3D perspective,and to provide theoretical guidance and scientific basis for urban sustainable development.

关 键 词：地表温度 景观格局 建筑三维形态 梯度提升回归树 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]