枪械固定式刚性抛壳机构动作故障机理  

Failure Mechanism of the Fixed Rigid Ejection Mechanism in Firearms

作　　者：方义川 王永娟[1] 沙金龙 倪肖杨 陆星宇 FANG Yichuan;WANG Yongjuan;SHA Jinlong;NI Xiaoyang;LU Xingyu(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,China;Information Centre,No.208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries,Beijing 102202,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]中国兵器工业第208研究所信息中心,北京102202

出　　处：《兵工学报》2022年第9期2252-2262,共11页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：基础加强重点研究项目(2019-JCJQ-ZD-138-00)。

摘　　要：聚焦枪械固定式刚性抛壳机构动作故障机制及其数学建模,利用失效模式和影响分析方法分析机构故障模式和影响因素,得到两大主控因素为抛壳速度和抛壳挺抛壳窗相对位置。构建了固定式刚性抛壳机构的数学模型,获得固定式刚性抛壳机构性能参数,并结合故障模式给出故障判据。以某小口径自动步枪的结构参数为例,针对主控因素进行故障边界分析,并进行试验验证。理论计算和试验结果表明:抛壳可靠性随着抛壳速度的增大而提高;抛壳窗位置变化存在显著的双向边界效应,主要表现为抛壳窗对于弹壳的“欠(过)约束”效应和弹壳与抛壳窗撞击点位置变化;弹壳向内回弹和弹壳二次撞击是造成卡壳故障发生的直接原因。Thisstudy employs the failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)method to study the failure mechanism and mathematical modelling of fixed rigid ejection mechanism,and to obtain failure modes and influencing factors.The two main controlling factors are the ejecting speed and the relative position of the ejector and ejection opening.Adynamics model is developed and the performance parameters are obtained.The failure criteria are acquired based on failure modes.The failure boundary analysis and experimental verification of the main factors are carried out using the structural parameters of a small-caliber automatic rifle as an example.Both theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that higher ejecting speed leads to higher reliability.Besides,a significant bidirectional boundary effect is found in ejection opening displacement,demonstrated as the under-constrained(over-constrained)effect of the ejection opening on the cartridge case and changing position of the impact point.The direct causes of case jamming failure are the inward rebound of the cartridge case and secondary impacts.

关 键 词：固定式刚性抛壳机构 故障机理 失效模式和影响分析方法 故障判据 故障边界分析 

分 类 号：TJ22[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]