CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在猪育种中的研究进展  

Progress of the Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Technology in Pig Breeding

作　　者：许美娜 朱奕舟 林思远 陈瑶生[1] 何祖勇[1] XU Meina;ZHU Yizhou;LIN Siyuan;CHEN Yaosheng;HE Zuyong(School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院/有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室,广东广州510006

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第8期87-96,共10页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32030102);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2018B020203003);广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515011134)。

摘　　要：我国人工驯化野猪历史悠久,各地区结合当地条件培育出众多具有地方特色的猪种,使我国成为世界上猪种资源最为丰富的国家。我国大部分地方猪种具有肉质细嫩和肌内脂肪含量高等优良肉质性状,但存在生长缓慢、瘦肉率低和饲料转化率低等缺点,而利用西方瘦肉型猪进行杂交育种可以弥补我国地方猪种的上述缺点,可以促进地方猪种生长和提高瘦肉产量,但对肉质性状产生不利影响。此外,瘦肉型猪种的引入也给我国地方猪种的生存带来严重冲击,导致许多地方猪种数量急剧下降,甚至濒临灭绝。而基因编辑技术的出现和应用,为地方猪种的遗传改良带来了许多突破性进展。综述CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的发展历程及其在猪繁殖性能、产肉性能、抗病性能和性别控制等遗传改良中的研究进展,以期加深人们对基因编辑技术在家猪遗传育种中具有特殊作用的认识。China has a long history in the artificial domestication of wild boars.Many swine breeds with local characteristics have been bred in combination with local conditions,making China become the country with the richest swine resources in the world.Generally,most indigenous swine breeds in China present excellent meat quality traits such as delicate tenderness and high intramuscular fat content,but also show slower growth rate,lower lean meat rate,and lower feed conversion ratio when compared to western swine breeds.Although cross-breeding through introducing western lean swine lineage could improve the growth and meat yield of indigenous swine breeds,there are adverse effects on meat quality traits.In addition,the introduction of western swine breeds has already brought a serious impact on local swine breeds,leading to a sharp decline in the number of many indigenous swine breeds in China,and even being threatened with extinction.The application of gene editing technology has brought many breakthroughs in the genetic improvement of indigenous swine breeds.Here,we review the developmental history of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology,and progress of its application in the genetic improvement of swine,including reproduction,meat yield,disease resistance,and sex controlling.This review will facilitate to understand the special role of gene editing technology in domestic pig breeding.

关 键 词：猪育种 CRISPR/Cas 碱基编辑系统 繁殖力 产肉性能 抗病性 

分 类 号：S813.3[农业科学—畜牧学]