木糖-软模板水热法制备硼掺杂分级多孔炭球及其电化学性能  

B-Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Spheres Prepared by Xylose-Soft Template Hydrothermal Strategy for Enhancing Electrochemical Property

作　　者：徐州 刘宇轩 徐成凤 呼延梓涵 罗沙 李伟[1] 刘守新[1] XU Zhou;LIU Yu-Xuan;XU Cheng-Feng;HUYAN Zi-Han;LUO Sha;LI Wei;LIU Shou-Xin(Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science&Technology of Ministry of Education,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《无机化学学报》2022年第10期2006-2018,共13页Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31890773,31971601);东北林业大学大学生国家级创新训练计划项目(No.202210225234)资助。

摘　　要：以D⁃木糖为炭源,月桂酸钠为模板剂,硼酸为掺杂剂,通过水热炭化方法制得硼掺杂分级多孔炭球(BPC_(S))。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N_(2)吸附-脱附测试、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、顺磁共振波谱(EPR)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT⁃IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、热重(TG)分析对样品进行表征。结果表明:月桂酸钠作为介孔造孔剂的同时,通过与D⁃木糖间的氢键作用使有机-有机自组装过程自发进行并形成窄尺寸分布(2~5μm)规整炭球;硼酸在水热中催化炭源脱水降解,并以BC_(3)、BCO_(2)和BC_(2)O的形式掺杂在炭球上,掺硼后炭球与水表面接触角降低,润湿性提高。经CO_(2)活化、月桂酸钠高温分解以及胶质炭球的堆积分别产生微孔(0.5~1.2 nm)、介孔(3.14~35.00 nm)和大孔(60~146 nm)并形成分级结构。当硼酸加入量为0.9275 g时多孔炭球(BPC_(S)⁃1)的电化学性能最佳,在6 mol·L^(-1)KOH三电极体系中电流密度为0.5 A·g^(-1)时,比电容达287.12 F·g^(-1);两电极体系中电流密度为0.5 A·g^(-1)时比电容达151.34 F·g^(-1),能量密度达5.3 Wh·kg^(-1);电流密度为5 A·g^(-1)时进行1000次充放电循环,电容保持率仍达96.43%。B⁃doped hierarchical porous carbon spheres(BPC_(S))were prepared by hydrothermal and carbonization method using D⁃xylose as a carbon source,sodium laurate as a soft template,and boric acid as a dopant.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),N_(2) adsorption⁃desorption test,X⁃ray photoelec⁃tron spectroscopy(XPS),electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR),Fourier infrared spectroscopy(FT⁃IR),Raman spectroscopy,X⁃ray powder diffraction(XRD),and thermogravimetric(TG)analysis indicated that the hierachical porous structure with narrow size(2⁃5μm)were compounded by spontaneous self⁃assembly from hydrogen⁃bond interaction between the carbon source and the soft template.Moreover,sodium laurate was also used as a poreforming agent(mesopore).Boric acid was doped on the carbon spheres in the form of BC_(3),BCO_(2),and BC_(2)O and improved the surface wettability.After CO_(2) activation,decomposition of sodium laurate and the accumulation of colloidal carbon spheres,micropore(0.5⁃1.2 nm),mesopore(3.14⁃35.00 nm),and macropore(60⁃146 nm)were produced respectively.Electrochemical test results showed that the porous carbon spheres(BPC_(S)⁃1)treated with 0.9275 g boric acid had the optimal supercapacitor performance.In a three⁃electrode system,BPC_(S)⁃1 showed a high specific capacitance of 287.12 F·g^(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A·g^(-1).In a two⁃electrode system,BPC_(S)⁃1 showed an excellent energy density(5.3 Wh·kg^(-1))and a superior specific capacitance of 151.34 F·g^(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A·g^(-1),and outstanding cycling stability of 96.43%capacitance retention after 1000 cycles at a current density of 5 A·g^(-1).

关 键 词：木糖 水热 软模板 硼掺杂 分级结构 多孔炭球 

分 类 号：O613.71[理学—无机化学]