保湿变黄工艺对上部叶色素、淀粉含量及烟叶质量的影响  

Effects of Moisture-preserving Yellowing Process on Content of Pigments,Starch and Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaf

作　　者：何孝磊 赵启超 肖尧 刘大学 吴光斌 龙庆祥 徐念 韦玉花 陆龙凯 丁忠林 HE Xiao-lei;ZHAO Qi-chao;XIAO Yao;LIU Da-xue;WU Guang-bin;LONG Qing-xiang;XU Nian;WEI Yu-hua;LU Long-kai;DING Zhong-lin(Qiannan Branch of Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company,Duyun 558000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司,贵州都匀558000

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2022年第7期39-43,49,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：黔南州烟草公司科技项目“中温保湿变黄密集烘烤工艺推广应用”(黔南烟技[2019]3号);黔南州烟草公司科技项目“黔南烤烟高可用上部烟叶生产技术推广应用”(黔南烟技[2021]6号)。

摘　　要：为缓解在黔南高温少雨条件下成熟的上部烟烤后含青烟占比偏高的问题,以烤烟K326品种为试验材料,研究了变黄期正常烘烤(CK)和保湿变黄烘烤(T)对烘烤过程中烟叶色素和淀粉含量变化及烤后上部烟叶质量的影响。结果显示:与CK相比,保湿变黄烘烤处理烤房内的相对湿度和烟叶含水量能保持在较高水平,相对湿度在烤后12~48 h显著提高5.96%~11.20%,烟叶含水量在烤后24~48 h显著提高4.35%~12.19%;保湿烘烤能促进色素和淀粉的降解,叶绿素含量在12~48 h较CK降幅为17.05%~47.32%,类胡萝卜素在烤后48~96 h较CK降幅为2.26%~3.37%,影响均达到显著水平,淀粉酶活性在烤后36~60 h较CK提高5.24%~7.53%,淀粉含量在烤后60、72及96 h较CK分别显著降低16.52%、15.18%、18.18%;烤后烟叶颜色、身份、油分及色度分值分别显著提高2.18%、1.85%、5.75%、3.27%,黄烟率和橘色烟占比分别显著提高9.52%、8.67%,青烟、僵硬烟的比例分别显著降低47.81%、56.62%;上等烟比例提高7.78%,均价提高0.78%,未达到显著水平;淀粉含量显著降低13.88%,糖碱比和氮碱比分别显著提高10.91%、5.80%;香气质、杂气、刺激性及加权总分值分别显著提高2.18%、1.85%、5.57%、2.02%。综上所述,高温少雨条件下成熟的上部叶,采用保湿烘烤工艺能促进物质转化,改善烟叶外观质量,提高内在品质,提升烤烟的种植效益。In order to reduce the higher ratio of greenish upper leaves in bulk curing owing to high temperature and less rainfall in mature stage in Qiannan region.The upper leaf of K326 was used as test material,and the effects of normal bulk curing method(CK)and moisture-preserved curing method(T),with,which was on pigments and starch content and the quality of upper tobacco leaves at yellowing stage.The results showed that the relative humidity in bulk curing barn and water content of leaf could maintain at higher level in T treatment.The relative humidity was significantly increased by 5.96%~11.20%at 12~48 h after curing,and the tobacco leaf water content was significantly increased by 4.35%~12.19%at 24~48 h after curing.T treatment could promote the degradation of pigment and starch.Comparing with CK,the pigments and starch degradation.The chlorophyl content was decreased by 17.05%~47.32%after curing 12~48 h,and the carotenoid content was decreased by 2.26%~3.37%after curing 48~96 h.The impact reached a significant level as well.The activity of amylase was increased by 5.24%~7.53%after curing 36~60 h,and the starch content was decreased by 16.52%,15.18%and 18.18%after curing 60,72 and 96 h.The color,body,oil and chroma were increased by 2.18%,1.85%,5.75%and 3.27%respectively.The ratio of yellow and orange leaves was significantly increased by 9.52%and 8.67%respectively,while the ratio of greenish and rigid leaves was significant decreased by 47.81%and 56.62%respectively.The proportion of superior tobacco leaves was increased by 7.78%,and average price of upper leaf was increased by 0.78%,with no-significant impact.The starch content was significant decreased by 13.88%,and the sugar/nicotine ratio and nitrogen/nicotine ratio were significant increased by 10.91%and 5.80%respectively.The score of aroma quality,offensive flavor,offensive taste and total score was significantly increased by 2.18%,1.85%,5.57%and 2.02%respectively.In conclusion,under the high temperature and less rainfall condition,the moisture-preserved cur

关 键 词：上部烟 保湿变黄 色素 淀粉 烟叶质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]