哺乳期补饲开食料对牦牛犊牛生长性能和皱胃组织形态与功能发育的影响  

Effects of Starter Feeding on Growth Performance and Morphological and Functional Development of Abomasum ofYak Calves during Lactation Period

作　　者：周亚楠 冯宇哲 杨得玉 王音 李积兰[1] 刘书杰[1] 崔占鸿 ZHOU Yanan;FENG Yuzhe;YANG Deyu;WANG Yin;LI Jilan;LIU Shujie;CUI Zhanhong(Qinghai Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Key Laboratory,Qinghai Yak Engineering Technology Research Center,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xi’ning 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,畜牧兽医科学院,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第9期5942-5950,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金面上项目(2020-ZJ-911)

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究补饲开食料对哺乳期牦牛犊牛生长性能、皱胃组织形态、主要消化酶活性以及营养转运载体基因表达的影响。选取20头健康、体重相近的1月龄牦牛公犊牛,随机分为2组,每组各10头,对照组饲喂代乳粉和苜蓿干草,试验组在对照组的基础上补饲一定量的开食料,补饲开食料与苜蓿干草比例为1∶1。预试期14 d,正试期120 d。试验结束时每组选取5头牦牛犊牛进行屠宰试验,并采集皱胃组织及内容物的样品待测。结果表明:1)试验组牦牛犊牛的干物质采食量、终末体重、平均日增重、体高均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);2组牦牛犊牛间初始体重、体斜长、胸围均差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)试验组牦牛犊牛的皱胃黏膜下层和肌层厚度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);2组间牦牛犊牛皱胃黏膜上皮、黏膜肌层、浆膜层厚度均差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)试验组牦牛犊牛皱胃葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶活性均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);试验组皱胃淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);皱胃胃蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性2组间差异均不显著(P>0.05),但试验组略高于对照组。4)试验组牦牛犊牛皱胃的葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)、小肽转运蛋白1(PepT1)基因相对表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且皱胃的脂肪酸转运蛋白4(FATP4)基因相对表达量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。综上所述,哺乳期补饲开食料有利于牦牛犊牛的生长性能发挥,正向调控皱胃形态与功能发育,进而提高其对营养物质的消化利用率。The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of starter feeding on growth performance,abomasum tissue morphology,major digestive enzymes and gene expression of nutrient transfer carriers of lactating yak calves.Twenty healthy 1-month-old male yak calves with similar body weight were randomly divided into 2 groups with 10 calves in each group.The control group was fed milk replacer and alfalfa hay,and the experimental group was supplemented with a certain amount of starter on the basis of the control group,and the ratio of supplementary feed to alfalfa hay was 1∶1.The test period was 14 days for the pre-feeding and 120 days for the trial.At the end of the test,five yak calves were selected from each group for slaughter test and samples of abomasum and stomach contents were collected for testing.The results showed as follow:1)dry matter intake,final weight,average daily weight gain and body height of yak calves in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01);the initial weight,body length,heart girth of yak calves in the two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05).2)The thickness of submucous layer and muscular layer of yak calves in the test group were slightly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05);the thickness of mucosal epithelium,mucosal muscle layer and plasma membrane layer between the two groups were not significant(P>0.05).3)The enzymatic activities of glucosidase and cellulase in the abomasum of yak calves in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01);the activity of amylase in the abomasum of yak calves in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);the difference between the two groups was not significant for the enzymatic activities of pepsin and lipase in abomasum(P>0.05),but was slightly higher in the test group than in the control group.4)The relative expression levels of glucose transporter protein 1(GLUT1)and small peptide transporter protein 1(PepT1)genes in

关 键 词：补饲开食料 牦牛犊牛 生长性能 皱胃 消化酶 营养转运载体 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]