基于代谢组学研究补饲精料对早期断奶牦牛犊牛胰腺发育的影响  

Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Pancreatic Development of Early-Weaned Yak Calves by Using Metabolomics

作　　者：焦洋 刘书杰[1] 杨得玉 孙璐[1] 李积兰[2] 冯宇哲[1] 崔占鸿 JIAO Yang;LIU Shujie;YANG Deyu;SUN Lu;LI Jilan;FENG Yuzhe;CUI Zhanhong(Key Laboratory of Grazing Livestock Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Qinghai University,Xi’ning 810016,China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xi’ning 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016 [2]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第9期5951-5963,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金面上项目(2020-ZJ-911)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在应用代谢组学的研究方法,探究补饲精料对哺乳期牦牛犊牛胰腺发育的影响。选取体况健康、体重相近、断奶30日龄左右的20头牦牛犊牛(公),分为对照组和试验组,每组10头。其中对照组饲喂代乳粉和苜蓿干草,试验组在对照组饲粮基础上添加精料。2组的固体干物质采食量相同。在经过预试期30 d,正试期100 d后,牦牛犊牛平均日采食量达到1 kg时,2组各选取5头牦牛犊牛进行屠宰试验。屠宰试验中记录体重和胰腺重量并计算其器官指数,利用显微镜进行组织切片观察。采集牦牛犊牛胰腺组织样品,运用代谢组学技术进行小分子差异代谢物分析。结果表明:1)试验组的体重、胰腺重量、器官指数、胰腺外分泌部面积总占比、胰腺内分泌部面积总占比显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而试验组胰腺内外分泌部面积比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)在牦牛犊牛胰腺组织代谢通路中,试验组相较对照组在苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成中,差异代谢物L-苯丙氨酸含量显著上升(P<0.05),苯丙酮酸含量显著下降(P<0.05);在苯丙氨酸代谢中,L-苯丙氨酸、2-苯乙酰胺的含量显著上升(P<0.05),而苯丙酮酸的含量则显著下降(P<0.05)。3)在牦牛犊牛胰腺组织代谢通路中,试验组相较对照组在不饱和脂肪酸生物合成中,差异代谢物二十二碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、肾上腺酸的含量显著上升(P<0.05);在铁凋亡代谢过程中,γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸、肾上腺酸的含量也显著上升(P<0.05)。综上得出,通过观察胰腺发育,并运用非靶向代谢组学技术,补饲精料提高了早期断奶牦牛犊牛胰腺发育水平,对其胰腺的各项代谢机能有着积极的调控作用,有利于改善早期断奶牦牛犊牛的生长发育质量,为牦牛幼畜早期健康培育的营养调控提供了重要理论依据。The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of supplemental feeding of concentrates on pancreatic development of lactating yak calves by applying metabolomics research methods.Twenty yak calves(males)of similar body condition and weight,weaned at about 30 days of age,were selected and divided into control and test groups of 10 calves each.The control group was fed milk replacer and alfalfa hay,and the test group was supplemented with concentrate,and both groups received the same amount of dry solids.Five yak calves from each group were selected for slaughter after 30 d of the pre-test period and 100 d of the formal test period,when the average daily intake of yak calves reached 1 kg.Body weight and pancreas weight were recorded and their organ indexes were calculated during the slaughter test,and tissue sections were observed using microscopy.Pancreas tissue samples were collected from yak calves and analyzed for small molecule differential metabolites using metabolomics techniques.The results showed as follows:1)body weight,pancreatic weight,organ index,total proportion of pancreatic exocrine part area,and total proportion of pancreatic endocrine part area were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group(P<0.05),while the proportion of pancreatic endocrine part area to exocrine part area was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group(P<0.05).2)In the metabolic pathway of the pancreatic tissue of yak calves,the contents of the differential metabolite L-phenylalanine increased significantly(P<0.05)and the content of phenylpyruvate decreased significantly(P<0.05)in the biosynthetic pathway of phenylalanine.In the phenylalanine metabolic pathway,the contents of L-phenylalanine and 2-phenylacetamide significantly increased(P<0.05),while the contents of the phenylpyruvate significantly decreased(P<0.05).3)In the metabolic pathway of the pancreatic tissue of yak calves,the contents of the differential metabolites docosapentaenoic acid,docosahexaenoic acid and adre

关 键 词：牦牛犊牛 早期断奶 补饲精料 胰腺发育 代谢组学 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]