高膳食纤维饲粮中脂肪水平对大口黑鲈生长、肝脏和肠道健康的影响  

Effects of Lipid Levels in High Dietary Fibre Diets on Growth,Liver and Intestine Health of Juvenile Largemouth Bass(Micropterus salmoides)

作　　者：史叶 蔡春芳[1,2] 亢佳 胡鸿林 曹霞敏[1,2] 吴萍 叶元土[1,2] 丁惠明[3] SHI Ye;CAI Chunfang;KANG Jia;HU Honglin;CAO Xiamin;WU Ping;YE Yuantu;DING Huiming(School of Biology and Basic Medical Science,School of Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,China;Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition,School of Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,China;Suzhou Yangchenghu National Modern Agriculture Demonstration Zone Development Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215138,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学基础医学与生物科学学院,苏州215123 [2]苏州大学江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室,苏州215123 [3]苏州市阳澄湖国家现代农业示范区发展有限公司,苏州215138

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第9期6021-6032,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：江苏省教委自然科学基金重点项目(20KJA240001);苏州市科技项目(SNG2020060)。

摘　　要：由于植物性原料的大量使用使得水产配合饲料中膳食纤维水平较高,纤维高载会诱发肠炎和脂肪肝等疾病,因此本研究旨在探讨高膳食纤维饲粮中高脂肪水平对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、肝脏和肠道健康的影响。试验选取120尾大口黑鲈(初始体重为10.6 g/尾),随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾。2组饲粮中均添加15%的可溶性膳食纤维瓜尔胶,大豆油的添加量分别为3%(LL组,实测脂肪水平为12.81%)和8%(HL组,实测脂肪水平为17.94%)。每组每天表观饱食投喂,养殖周期56 d。结果显示:1)HL组增重率、特定生长率和肥满度显著高于LL组(P<0.05),2组间体成分和肝脏脂肪含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)HL组血清中谷丙转氨酶活性和肝脏胶原蛋白含量较LL组显著下降(P<0.05)。3)与LL组相比,HL组肝脏中脂代谢相关基因肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT1)、过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体α(PPARα)、脂蛋白A1(APOA1)和炎性反应基因转化生长因子β(TGFβ)mRNA相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05),炎性反应相关基因核因子-κβ(NF-κβ)mRNA相对表达量显著下降(P<0.05);HL组后肠中NF-κβ、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、TGFβmRNA相对表达量显著下调(P<0.05)。4)组织学分析显示,HL组肝脏组织纤维化较LL组明显,2组肠道形态均未见明显损伤。综上所述,高膳食纤维饲粮中较高的脂肪水平有利于大口黑鲈的生长及肝脏和肠道健康。The content of dietary fibre(DF)was high in farmed fish feed because of the wide use of plant feed materials,which was found to be contributed to enteritis and fatty liver.This study was to verify the effects of lipid levels in high DF diets on the growth,liver and intestinal health of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).A total of 120 largemouth bass(initial body weight:10.6 g/fish)were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 largemouth bass per replicate.Both of two diets were supplemented with 15%guar gum,soybean oil was added in 3%(LL group,measured level was 12.81%)and 8%(HL group,measured level was 17.94%),respectively.Diets were fed two times a day.Feeding period was 56 days.The results showed as follows:1)weight gain rate,specific growth rate and condition factor were significantly higher in the HL group than the LL group(P<0.05),with no significant differences in body composition or liver lipid content between the two groups(P>0.05).2)The HL group showed a significant decrease in serum glutaminase activity and liver collagen content compared with the LL group(P<0.05).3)Compared with LL group,the mRNA relative expression levels of the lipid metabolism-related genes carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT1),peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorα(PPARα),apolipoprotein A1(APOA1)and the inflammatory gene transforming growth factorβ(TGFβ)was significantly upregulated in the liver(P<0.05)and the mRNA relative expression level of the inflammatory gene nuclear factor-kappaβ(NF-κβ)was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In the intestine,the mRNA relative expression levels of NF-κβ,tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα),interleukin-10(IL-10)and TGFβwere significantly down-regulated in the HL group compared with the LL group(P<0.05).4)Histological analysis showed that the liver fibrosis in HL group were weaker than that in LL group.No obvious damage to the intestinal morphology was noticed in both groups.In conclusion,these results suggest that higher lipid levels in high DF diets benef

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 膳食纤维 脂肪 肝脏和肠道健康 生长 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]