内置式镗孔用减振刀杆的结构优化  

Structural Optimization of Built-in Damping Tool Holder for Boring

作　　者：章伟 李季飞[1,2] 付秉鑫 黄威武 汤爱民 曾滔[1,2,3] Zhang Wei;Li Jifei;Fu Bingxin;Huang Weiwu;Tang Aimin;Zeng Tao(Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools Co.Ltd.,Zhuzhou Hunan 412000,China;State Key Laboratory of Cemented Carbide,Zhuzhou Hunan 412000,China;Shandong University,Jinan Shandong,250000)

机构地区：[1]株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司,湖南株洲421000 [2]硬质合金国家重点实验室,湖南株洲412000 [3]山东大学,山东济南250000

出　　处：《硬质合金》2022年第4期260-267,共8页Cemented Carbides

摘　　要：本文在分析了现有内置式镗孔用减振刀杆的基础上,通过优化吸振器结构,设计了一种结构简单的内置吸振器的减振刀杆,通过模态测试与内孔切削试验等手段,对刀杆主体部件前端安装吸振器的空腔尺寸与减振刀杆抗振性能的关系进行了试验研究。测试结果表明,与普通刀杆相比,当空腔内径24 mm、孔深86 mm时,减振刀杆的激励响应衰减时间缩短了3/4,阻尼比增加了近10倍,极限切深增大至0.88 mm左右,抗振性能大幅度增加;继续增大空腔至内径26 mm、孔深92 mm时,刀杆的阻尼比继续小幅增加,但是模态刚度大幅度下降,响应衰减时间增加,极限切深减小至0.75 mm,抗振性能反而下降。切削试验结果表明:切深1 mm时,普通刀杆无法加工;空腔内径26 mm、孔深92 mm的大空腔刀杆加工表面粗糙度为5.125μm,加工表面有明显振纹;而空腔内径24 mm、孔深86 mm的刀杆加工表面粗糙度为2.792μm,加工表面光亮、无振纹,这与理论分析稳定性曲线图的结论基本一致。After analyzing the existing built-in damping tool holders for boring, this paper designs a simple damping tool holder with a built-in vibration absorber by optimizing the structure of the vibration absorber. Modal tests and internal hole cutting tests are conducted to experimentally investigate the relationship between the size of the cavity, in which the vibration absorber is installed, at the front end of the main body part of the tool holder and the anti-vibration performance of the damping tool holder. The test results show that compared with the ordinary tool holder, the proposed damping tool holder achieves the following improvements. When the inner diameter of the cavity is 24 mm and its hole depth is 86 mm, the decay time of excitation response is shortened to 1/4, the damping ratio is increased by nearly 10 times, and the limit depth of cut is increased to about 0.88 mm. As a result, the anti-vibration performance is greatly enhanced. When the cavity is further increased to 26 mm in inner diameter and 92 mm in hole depth, the damping ratio keeps increasing slightly. Nevertheless,modal stiffness decreases greatly, response decay time increases, and the limit depth of cut decreases to 0.75 mm.Consequently, the anti-vibration performance decreases instead. The cutting test results show that when the depth of cut is 1mm, the ordinary tool holder no longer works. The surface machined by the tool holder with a large cavity 26 mm in inner diameter and 92 mm in hole depth has a roughness of 5.125 μm, with obvious chatter marks. In contrast, that machined by the tool holder with a cavity 24 mm in inner diameter and 86 mm in hole depth has a roughness of 2.792 μm, bright and free of chatter marks. The results are basically consistent with the conclusion of the theoretical analysis of the stability curves.

关 键 词：减振刀杆 模态测试 阻尼比 振纹 

分 类 号：TG713.3[金属学及工艺—刀具与模具]