《大明律》“小注”的注释体例、注释方法及其性质  

The Form,Methodology and Nature of the“Small Notes”in Da Ming Lv

作　　者：王毓 Wang Yu(School of law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei,430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2022年第4期130-142,M0006,M0007,共15页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

摘　　要：“小注”作为中国经学注释的常见形态,亦常见于中国历代律典之中。《大明律》中含小注条文共81条,其中常作补充律文之用的非“谓”字小注共31条。从小注的内容上看,“谓”字小注往往综合运用训诂、示例、列举、体系等注释方法对术语或者律句进行文义解释,另外也对立法目的、法律程序以及刑罚适用、计算规则作进一步释明。非“谓”字小注的内容主要是补充刑罚的适用、调整律文的适用范围以及补充法律程序等。而从形式、内容以及方法上将《大明律》与《唐律疏议》《宋刑统》进行比较,可以发现《大明律》小注是《唐律疏议》《宋刑统》中疏议和小注的有机结合。因此,小注是立法者在借鉴前代律典的基础上,使之在本时代发挥实际作用的重要工具,所以不能简单地认定小注是律文解释或者是另一种形式的律文,它更倾向于哲学诠释学中“阐释”概念,是中国传统法律阐释的体现。Small notes used in the commentary of Chinese classics are also commonly seen in the law documents in Chinese history.There are 81 small note clauses in Da Ming Lv(《大明律》,the law of the great Ming),of which there are 31 small notes made to supplement the law.Judging from the content of the small notes,those with the word"wei"(谓)mainly provide contextual explanations of the legal terms or statutes,clarify the purpose of the concerned legislation,procedure,application,and measurement of penalty.The mall notes without a"wei"were made mainly as supplements concerning the application of penalties and legal procedures.In terms of style,content and methodology,the small notes in Da Ming Lv is clearly inspired by Tanglv Shuyi(《唐律疏议》)and Song Xingtong(《宋刑统》).Therefore,the small notes connected the Ming law with the laws of previous generations featured with sophisticated interpretation.

关 键 词：《大明律》 小注 注释方法 法律阐释 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] D929[历史地理—中国史]