金属化合物在锂硫电池正极材料及夹层中的应用  

Application of Metal Compounds in Cathode Materials and Interlayers for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

作　　者：胡坤 郭锦[2] 张敏刚[2] 连晋毅[1] 张怡轩 李占龙[1] HU Kun;GUO Jin;ZHANG Mingang;LIAN Jinyi;ZHANG Yixuan;LI Zhanlong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;School of Material Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学机械工程学院,太原030024 [2]太原科技大学材料科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第19期17-27,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：山西省科技平台项目(201805D121005);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0354);太原科技大学科研启动基金(20192035);晋城市科技计划项目(20198037)。

摘　　要：在能源危机的驱使下,电动汽车以及大型储能装置的快速发展需要高能量密度的锂二次电池来实现,锂硫电池硫电极因具有高理论比容量和能量密度而倍受关注。此外,单质硫具有储量丰富、成本低和无毒等优点,使得锂硫电池更具有商业竞争力,因此锂硫电池被认为是最有前途的二次电池之一。然而,锂硫电池依然存在电导率低、穿梭效应、体积膨胀和锂枝晶等问题,这限制其广泛应用。因此,研究者们从正极材料和夹层着手,除了对正极材料的导电性加以改善之外,主要从限制多硫化物的穿梭效应和缓冲正极体积膨胀进行研究。研究发现,相比碳基和聚合物基正极材料,金属化合物基正极材料可以更好地改善锂硫电池的倍率性能和循环稳定性。此外,金属化合物材料作为夹层时同样可以有效缓解这些问题,能够更好地抑制多硫化物的溶解和扩散,减少穿梭效应,提高锂硫电池的电化学性能。一些金属氧化物、金属硫化物、金属氮化物、金属磷化物等作为锂硫电池正极材料或夹层都取得了重大进展。对于部分极性金属化合物而言,其不仅能化学吸附充放电中间产物多硫化物,有效改善硫正极的循环稳定性,而且还能在氧化还原反应中表现出电催化活性,加快多硫化物的转化,提高硫正极的倍率性能。本文综述了近年来金属化合物基正极材料及夹层的研究进展并对其发展前景进行了展望,以期为制备优异性能的锂硫电池正极材料及夹层提供参考。In the press of energy crisis,the rapid development of electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage devices need to rely on lithium secondary batteries with higher energy density.Sulfur electrode of lithium-sulfur batteries has attracted a lot of attention due to its high theoretical specific capacity and energy density.In addition,elemental sulfur has the advantages of abundant reserves,low cost and non-toxicity,which could make lithium-sulfur batteries more competitive,and be considered as one of the most promising secondary batteries.However,the application of lithium-sulfur batteries is still restricted due to the low conductivity,shuttle effect,volume expansion,lithium dendrite and so on.Therefore,in addition to improving the conductivity of the material,the researchers studied the cathode materials and interlayer mainly from how to limit the shuttle effect of polysulfides and buffer the volume expansion of the cathode.It is found that metal compounds based cathode materials can improve the rate performance and cycle stability of lithium-sulfur batteries,which are better than the carbon based and polymer based cathode materials.In addition,metal compounds as interlayers can also effectively alleviate these problems,which can better inhibit the dissolution and diffusion of polysulfides,reduce the shuttle effect and improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.Some metal oxides,metal sulphides,metal nitrides and metal phosphates have made great progress as cathode materials or interlayers for lithium-sulfur batteries.For some polar metal compounds,they can not only chemisorption intermediate polysulfide during the charge and discharge process,effectively improving the cycle performance of sulfur cathode,but also deliver electrocatalytic activity in redox reaction,thus promoting the polysulfides conversion and improving the rate property of sulfur cathode.This paper introduces the latest research progress of metal compounds based cathode materials and interlayer for lithium-sulfur bat

关 键 词：锂硫电池 正极材料 夹层 金属化合物 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]