屠城了无痕——以宋末抗元事件为中心的史籍记载与历史真实例论  

The Massacre without Trace——Historical Records and Historical Facts Centered on the Anti-Yuan Incident in the Late Song Dynasty

作　　者：王瑞来 WANG Ruilai(Research Institute for Oriental Cultures,Gakushuin,Tokyo 171-8588,Japan)

机构地区：[1]日本学习院大学东洋文化研究所,日本东京都171-8588

出　　处：《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第5期61-70,共10页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：南宋王朝崖山覆亡之后一个月,元军在各地仍然遭到宋朝军民不同程度的抵抗,在江西南安也发生了激战。激烈抵抗的结局,各种方志的记载是遭到了残暴屠城,《宋史翼》也如是援引,而《元史》的记载却是“不戮一人”。截然相反的记载,孰是孰非?追溯史源,《元史》的记载取自姚燧的一篇神道碑。神道碑将确曾发生的屠杀变得了无痕迹。姚燧是元代拥有深厚道学渊源的文坛大家,神道碑的记载也被取信。颠倒事实,固非信史,除了受寓目资料的误导外,仁爱止戈当或为姚燧改写旧事之主观动机。无论如何,改写的事实进入主流史籍,对后世影响极大,明清文献以及清代几部新修元史均蹈袭其说。此件个案,引发研究之际如何追寻历史真实的思考,对碑志载笔的警觉和对方志史料的关注也被再度提示。One month after the collapse of Yashan in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan Army was still resisted by the soldiers of Song Dynasty in many places, and in Nan’an, Jiangxi Province, a fierce battle also took place.As a result of fierce resistance, all kinds of local records showed that they were brutally slaughtered, and Songshiyi was quoted as such.On the other hand, Yuan History recorded that “no one was slaughtered”.According to such contrary records, which is right or wrong? Tracing back to the historical source, the records of Yuan History are taken from a tombstone written by Yao Sui.This massacre that did happen has been made without trace in this tombstone.Since Yao Sui was a great writer in the literary world of Yuan Dynasty, his tombstone’s records were also highly trusted.Reversing the facts is not true to history.In addition to being misled by the fable materials, benevolence is the subjective motivation to stop fighting or rewrite the history for Yao Su.In any case, the rewritten facts entered the mainstream historical records, which had a great impact on later generations.The Ming and Qing Dynasty documents and several newly revised Yuan history followed this theory.This case triggered the thinking of how to pursue the historical truth at the time of research, and the vigilance of the inscriptions and the attention to the historical materials of the other chronicles were also prompted again.

关 键 词：姚燧 神道碑 《元史》 方志 历史真实 

分 类 号：K245[历史地理—历史学]