中国沙棘树冠上中下部枝条的水碳代谢与生长结实性状研究  

Correlation between Water-carbon Metabolism and Growth and Fruiting Traits of Upper,Middle and Lower Branches in the Crown of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.sinensis Rousi

作　　者：李海波[1] 薛浩 薛静茹 曹希娟 王林[1] LI Hai-bo;XUE Hao;XUE Jing-ru;CAO Xi-juan;WANG Lin(Forestry College,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030600,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2022年第5期188-195,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221051);山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC139);北方功能油料树种培育与研发山西省重点实验室(201805D111010)。

摘　　要：[目的]为了解沙棘树冠不同位置枝条的水碳代谢与生长结实的关系,也为制定针对沙棘树形培养的栽培技术措施提供一定的理论依据。[方法]本研究选取中国沙棘树冠上部、中部、下部的2年生枝条为研究对象,比较其水分状况、光合作用、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量、枝叶生长、结实性状和果实营养成分。[结果]树冠不同部位枝条凌晨水势差异不显著,下部枝条正午水势显著高于上部和中部枝条;中部枝条凌晨导水损失率(PLC)显著低于上部和下部枝条,下部枝条正午PLC显著高于上部和中部枝条;上部枝条的茎、叶面积比导水率显著高于中部和下部枝条;净光合速率按从大到小的顺序为上部枝条>中部枝条>下部枝条;中部枝条枝条木质部NSC含量显著高于上部枝条,但二者与下部枝条差异都不显著,各位置间枝条韧皮部NSC含量无显著性差异,上部和中部枝条的叶片NSC含量显著性高于下部枝条;下部枝条的花芽纵横径、纯花芽比例、发芽率、新梢数量、新梢基径、叶面积、比叶质量均显著低于上部和中部枝条,下部枝条的果实纵横径、坐果率、可溶性固形物含量也低于上部和中部枝条,上部枝条的枝长、基径显著高于中部枝条,中部枝条的百果质量和果实纵横径显著高于上部枝条,不同部位枝条总黄酮、维生素C和可滴定酸含量差异不显著。[结论]下部枝条受遮光的影响较大,明显限制光合产物摄取和生长,并较大程度的影响了其结实性状,上部枝条在生长上占有优势,中部枝条在结实性状上占有优势。因此,中国沙棘的树形培养应充分考虑其光照条件,及时清除下部低光照区域枝条;同时注意营养生长和生殖生长的平衡,充分利用树冠上部和中部枝条结实是提高沙棘产量和品质的重要措施。[Objective]To understand the relationship between water and carbon metabolism and growth and fruiting of branches at different positions in the crown of Hippophae rhamnoides for providing a certain theoretical basis for the formulation of cultivation technical measures for Hippophae rhamnoides tree shape culture.[Method]According to the two-year-old branches in the upper,middle and lower crown of Hippophae rhamnoides,water status,photosynthesis,non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)content,branch and leaf growth,fruiting traits and fruit nutrients were compared.[Result]The results showed that there was no significant difference in the pre-dawn water potential of branches in different parts of the crown,and the water potential of the bottom branches at midday was significantly higher than that of the upper and middle branches.The percentage loss of conductivity(PLC)of the middle branch in pre-dawn was significantly lower than that of upper and lower branches,and the PLC of the bottom branch at midday was significantly higher than that of top and middle branches.The stem and leaf area specific hydraulic conductivity of upper branches was significantly higher than that of middle and lower branches.The net photosynthetic rate in the top branch was the largest,followed by middle branch and bottom branch.NSC content in xylem of middle branches was significantly higher than that of upper branches,but there was no significant difference between the upper and lower branches,as well as between the middle and lower branches.There was no significant difference in NSC content in phloem among branches,and the NSC content in leaves of upper and middle branches was significantly higher than that of lower branches.The longitudinal and transverse diameter of flower buds,the proportion of pure flower buds,the germination rate,the number of new shoots,the basal diameter of new shoots,the leaf area and the specific leaf mass of the bottom branches were significantly lower than those of the upper and middle branches.The longitudinal and tra

关 键 词：中国沙棘 枝条着生部位 水碳代谢 生长 结实性状 果实营养成分 

分 类 号：S793.6[农业科学—林木遗传育种]