不同施肥方式对东北旱田黑土nirK和nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构的影响及黑土保护建议  

Effects of fertilization managements on nirK/nirS-type denitrifying bacterial community structures in upland black soils of Northeast China and suggestions for protecting black soil resource

作　　者：喻江[1,2] 李彦生[1] 谢志煌 高志颖 刘晓冰[1] 于镇华[1] YU Jiang;LI Yan-sheng;XIE Zhi-huang;GAO Zhi-ying;LIU Xiao-bing;YU Zhen-hua(Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroccology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,CAS,Harbin 150081,China;Post Doctoral Workstation of Northeast Asia Service Outsourcing Research Center,Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin 150028,China;College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/中国科学院黑土区农业生态重点实验室,哈尔滨150081 [2]哈尔滨商业大学东北亚服务外包研究中心博士后工作站,哈尔滨150028 [3]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2022年第9期2306-2318,共13页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2021YFD1500400);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2019233);哈尔滨商业大学博士科研启动项目(2019DS103)。

摘　　要：反硝化过程是土壤氮素循环的重要过程之一,与土壤氮肥损失和温室气体排放紧密相关。通过分析不同施肥方式对东北旱田黑土nirK型和nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构的影响及其与NO排放的关系,证实黑土中nirK型比nirS型反硝化细菌多样性丰富,且更易受土壤理化性质的影响。施入化肥会降低东北旱田黑土反硝化细菌多样性、N_(2)O释放量和土壤养分含量,而有机肥的施入虽然可提高土壤养分含量,但是也会显著增加土壤反硝化作用,存在潜在的负面环境效应。因此对黑土地的保护要积极推行种养结合,建立可循环农业体系;适当配施有机肥料,调节黑土微生物活力;大力完善相关制度,营造科学管理新规范,从而构建我国黑土保护的立体格局。Soil denitrification is one of the important processes of soil nitrogen cycling, which is closely related to soil nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions. The relation between communities and the release of NO was analyzed in this study. The results showed that regardless the fertilization treatments, nirK type denitrifying bacteria had higher diversity than nirS type denitrifying bacteria, which were more susceptible to soil physical and chemical properties. Application of chemical fertilizer decreased soil nutrient content, the diversity of denitrifying bacteria and the release of N_(2)O, while organic fertilizer(F + M and F + 2M)application significantly increased the soil denitrification. Therefore, application of chemical fertilizer is not conducive to maintaining the fertility of black soil. Although the combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer can improve soil fertility, the potential negative environmental effects can not be ignored. So, we suggested that the protection of black soil should actively promote the planting and breeding integrated mode, construct the recyclable agricultural system;appropriately apply organic fertilizers, regulate the activities of soil microbials;improve the relevant institutions, create new norms of scientific managements,and finally construct the multi-directional patterns for the protection of farmland in black soil region of Northeast China.

关 键 词：有机肥 反硝化作用 微生物多样性 N_(2)O 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]