Portable and flexible water-evaporation-generator based on hydrogel  

基于水凝胶的便携式柔性水蒸发生电器件

作　　者：Xuemei Li Zixuan Liao Jiyuan Niu Cong Hu Luxian Li Jidong Li Jianxin Zhou Honglie Shen Jun Yin and Wanlin Guo 李雪梅;廖紫璇;牛纪远;胡聪;李露仙;李基东;周建新;沈鸿烈;殷俊;郭万林(State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures,Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;College of Aerospace engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;College of Material Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Institute for Frontier Science,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures,Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China [2]College of Aerospace engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China [3]College of Material Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China [4]Institute for Frontier Science,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China

出　　处：《Science China Materials》2022年第10期2889-2893,共5页中国科学（材料科学（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0705400);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12150002, 12172176, 12002158,52002175, and 11802121);the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20212008 and BK20211191);the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures (MCMS-I-0421G01 and MCMS-I-0421K01);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018T110494, 2020TQ0146, and 2021M701703);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NE2020001, NJ2020003, NZ2020001, and NS2021042);a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。

摘　　要：Electricity from clean and renewable resources is a promising solution to address the growing energy crisis.Water,an abundant and widely distributed substance on the planet,contains tremendous energy[1,2].Recently,it was demonstrated that electricity can be generated directly through the interaction between water and nanostructured materials,termed as the hydrovoltaic effect[3],facilitating energy harvesting from water.In particular,it was found that the natural evaporation of water can sustainably generate an electric voltage of up to 1 V across a carbon black film[4].水蒸发生电器件(WEG)是近年来发现的一种从自然水蒸发中获取能量的新方法,其巨大的应用潜力引起了广泛的研究兴趣.然而,WEG通常需要提供液态水源,不利于其便携式应用.这里,我们开发了一种基于聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶与网状电极复合的便携式柔性WEG.当器件的一侧暴露在空气中时,不对称的水分蒸发会产生持续3天以上0.2 V左右的开路电压输出.即使在温度低至−5°C情况下,也可以连续工作.尽管低温下由于水分蒸发受到抑制,其输出电压会降低.水凝胶出色的柔韧性和可拉伸性为构建可拉伸应变高达60%以上的WEG提供了可能.其输出电压几乎不受所施加应变的影响,展示了其在便携式电源应用中的巨大潜力.

关 键 词：聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶 电器件 水蒸发 输出电压 拉伸应变 网状电极 开路电压 便携式电源 

分 类 号：TQ427.26[化学工程] TM619[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]