“痴情”与“绝情”:张岱情欲思想之重探  

“The Passion for Real Feelings”and“the Rejection of Desire”:A Re-exploration of Zhang Dai’s View of Reason and Desire

作　　者：范根生 FAN Gensheng(School of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《绍兴文理学院学报》2022年第9期59-66,共8页Journal of Shaoxing University

摘　　要：张岱以其文辞清丽、情真意切的《陶庵梦忆》《西湖梦寻》等为人所熟知,故学界对他个性自由、情欲解放的面向阐发甚多。实际上,张岱笃信良知,乃阳明学者,其理欲观并非如此简单。张岱的理欲观尽管带有他那个时代鲜明的特征和现实取向,但他并没有完全超出传统理学家所确立的理欲规范。一方面,张岱标举“痴情”以对抗当时弥漫于社会的自欺与伪善之风,高扬自然性情之真以拒斥僵化的道德礼教;另一方面,他仍严守“天理”“人欲”之二元对立,要求人制欲归理,不为血气缠扰,还性命之初,表现出“绝情”的面向。“痴情”与“绝情”是张岱理欲观的一体两面,也是理解其前后迥然有别的生活方式和态度的关键点。Zhang Dai is well-known for his works Dreams of the Tao’an and Dream Seeking at West Lake with sensual language and sincere emotions.The academic circles have greatly elucidated the aspect of his freedom of personality and emancipation of passions.Factually,Zhang Dai who firmly believes in conscience is a Yangming scholar,and his conception of reason and desire is far from simple.Although his view of reason and desire has the distinct characteristics and realistic orientation of his time,Zhang Dai does not completely exceed the norms of reason and desire established by Neo-Confucianism.On the one hand,by means of his true feelings,Zhang Dai fights against the self-deception and hypocrisy that permeated the society at that time to reject the rigid morality and etiquette.On the other hand,he strictly adheres to the binary opposition between“the law of heaven”and“human desire”,requiring people to overcome“human desire”and obey“the law of heaven”.“The passion for real feelings”and“the rejection of desire”are the two sides of Zhang Daili’s view of reason and desire,which serve as a key point to understand the very different lifestyles and attitudes in his first and second half of life.

关 键 词：张岱 理欲观 明清之际 阳明后学 

分 类 号：B248.99[哲学宗教—中国哲学]