不确定状态下的公共卫生推理及其实践价值  

Public Health Reasoning under Uncertainty and Its Practical Value

作　　者：马勇[1] 张晓林[1] 张晶[1] 马春晓[1] 何文凤 MA Yong;ZHANG Xiao-lin;ZHANG Jing(School ofManagement,Weifang Medical University,Weifang 261053,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院管理学院,山东潍坊261053

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2022年第11期42-47,共6页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金项目(20CEX017)。

摘　　要：科学上的不确定性是公共卫生决策面临的最大挑战,实践中应将哲学与公共卫生更紧密地结合起来,作为解决当今最具挑战性的公共卫生问题的手段。不确定状态下的决策因伴随着认知资源上的匮乏而使传统逻辑学上的“谬误”形式成为特殊情势下的必选项。公共卫生推理的适用应当遵循预防原则、责任豁免原则和比例原则,其不仅是公共卫生研究的启发式工具,在决策论证、辅助决策、风险沟通等方面亦有重要实践价值。我国应重视公共卫生推理研究,构建多情境、多层次的公共卫生推理体系,强化其在舆情引导中的作用,通过思维科普增强风险沟通的实效。Uncertainty in science is the biggest challenge for public health decision-making.In practice,philosophy and public health disciplines should be more closely integrated as a means to solve public health problems.Decision-making in a state of uncertainty is often accompanied by a lack of cognitive resources.Therefore,"appeal to ignorance","analogous reasoning","circular argumentation","appeal to authority"and other traditional logical fallacies have become inevitable choice.The application of public health reasoning should follow the precautionary principle,the exemption principle and the proportional principle.Public health reasoning is not only a heuristic tool for public health research,but also has important practical value in decision-making argumentation,decision-making assistance,and risk communication.At present,China should pay attention to the research of public health reasoning,build a multi-situation,multi-level public health reasoning system,strengthen the role of public health reasoning in public opinion guidance,and enhance the effectiveness of risk communication.

关 键 词：公共卫生推理 公共卫生决策 应急决策 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]