明清史的大时代特征与明清史研究基本问题  

The Great Era Characteristic and Essential Issues in the Study of the Ming-Qing History

作　　者：赵轶峰[1] Zhao Yifeng

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学亚洲文明研究院,长春130024

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第5期1-15,208,共16页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“明清社会结构与历史趋势研究”(20AZS008)。

摘　　要：明清中国处于人类历史深刻转变的“大时代”,中国自身历史主题与全球历史变迁主题交融纠结,呈现空前复杂局面。研究这样一个特殊时代的历史,现代性发生、帝制时代收结、中华文明内聚运动构成基本问题系列。现代性起源研究需对现代性本身做清晰界定,清理各种“中心主义”,呈现明清现代性发展的表现与特点,探索现代性与中国文化传统的关系。帝制收结研究需厘清明清国家体制功能与政治文化特征,阐释经济体制与发展水平,呈现社会组织方式与生活情态,评析时人价值与信仰方式及知识状况,解释该时代“盛世”之含义。中华文明内聚运动研究需考察该时代中华文明的空间布局与结构、藩封体制、族裔认同、国家整合,以及前述各项的交错关系。基于明清史学科特性,相关研究应注重实证考察,积极借鉴社会科学而不追求社会科学化,宏观与微观研究并重。作为已经国际化的一个学术领域,明清史研究需承担理解当下人类处境的部分责任,为重新审视当下时代人类社会基本制度之合理性基础、局限与潜能提供一些历史经验资源。China in the Ming-Qing period confronted a great era of profound transformation in human history. Inthis era, the themes of Chinese history mingled with those of global historical changes, presenting anunprecedented and complicated situation. To study the history of such a special era, three series of issuesshould be considered essential, namely, the occurrence of modernity, the ending of imperial system, andthe cohesion movement of Chinese civilization. The study of modernity concerns clarifying the definition ofmodernity, cleaning up all kinds of “ centrism”, presenting the facts and characteristics which arecompatible with the modernity in Ming-Qing China, and explore the relationship between modernity andChinese cultural tradition. The study of imperial system needs to analyze the governmental function and thefeature of political culture of Ming-Qing China, to explain the economic system and developmental level,present the way of social organization and life, evaluate the value, belief and knowledge of people in thatera, and to explain the meaning of the “prosperous ages” of this era. The study of the cohesion movementof the Chinese civilization concerns the examinations of the spatial layout and structure of the Chinesecivilization in this era, the vassal system, the ethnic identity, the administrative integration, and therelationship of the aforementioned issues. Based on the characteristics of the Ming-Qing history as aparticular field, researchers in this field should pay attention to factual investigation, to learn from socialscience but not to convert to social science studies, and to keep balance between macro and microresearches. As a field of internationalized scholarship, the study of the Ming-Qing history should bear someresponsibility for the retrospection of current human situation, the reason and limitation of the fundamentalinstitutions of human society.

关 键 词：明清史 大时代 现代性 帝制 文明聚合 方法论 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] K092[历史地理—中国史]