检察机关提起惩罚性赔偿消费公益诉讼的自由裁量问题研究  

Research on the Discretion of Procuratorial Organs to Initiate Punitive Compensation Consumption Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：黄忠顺 Huang Zhongshun

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院,广东广州510006 [2]郑州大学检察公益诉讼研究院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《中州学刊》2022年第9期67-74,共8页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“诉讼实施权配置视阈下的惩罚性赔偿消费公益诉讼研究”(19BFX109);华南理工大学中央高校基本科研业务费重大培育项目“中国惩罚性赔偿消费公益诉讼制度构建”(ZDPY202029);河南省高等学校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目“新时代检察民事公益诉讼基本程序体系研究”(2021-JCZD-28)。

摘　　要：基于检察机关兼具公益代表人与法律监督者的双重身份、检察民事公益诉讼的谦抑性、私益损害惩罚性赔偿请求权的依附性、民事诉讼在保护社会公共利益方面的滞后性与低效性、民事实体请求权的可处分性,检察机关在提起惩罚性赔偿消费公益诉讼时可以对诸多事项进行自由裁量。在进行自由裁量时,检察机关应当综合考虑违法生产经营行为的社会危害性等诸多因素,并受上级检察机关、审判机关、消费者协会及有关当事人的监督。惩罚性赔偿消费公益诉讼不应当以行政罚款规定为法律依据,而且在立法论上也不宜创设公益损害惩罚性赔偿请求权,私益损害惩罚性赔偿请求权的集中行使方式宜优先考虑采用特别代表人诉讼等集体诉讼制度。Based on the dual identity of the procuratorial organs as both the public interest representative and the legal supervisor,the modesty of the procuratorial civil public interest litigation,the dependence of the right to claim punitive damages for private interests,the lag and inefficiency of civil litigation in protecting social and public interests,and the disciplinary nature of the right to claim civil entities,the procuratorial organs can exercise discretion on many matters when initiating the punitive compensation consumer public interest litigation.In the process of discretion,the procuratorial organs should comprehensively consider many factors such as the social harmfulness of illegal production and business operations,and be subject to the supervision of higher procuratorial organs,judicial organs,consumer associations and relevant parties.The public interest litigation of punitive damages for consumption should not be based on the provisions of administrative fines,and should not create the right to claim punitive damages for public interests in terms of legislation.The centralized exercise of the right to claim punitive damages for private interests should give priority to the use of collective litigation systems such as special representative litigation.

关 键 词：检察公益诉讼 惩罚性赔偿请求权 特别代表人诉讼 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]