下颌磨牙后管在山西人群中走形的影像学研究  

Imaging study of mandibular retromolar canal direction in Shanxi population

作　　者：弓前楠 王珏[2] 范亚伟[1,3] GONG Qiannan;WANG Jue;FAN Yawei(School and Hospital of Stomatology,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;Department of Prosthodontics,the First Hospital,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,the First Hospital,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,山西太原030001 [2]山西医科大学第一医院口腔修复科,山西太原030001 [3]山西医科大学第一医院口腔颌面外科,山西太原030001

出　　处：《口腔疾病防治》2023年第1期40-46,共7页Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82003146)。

摘　　要：目的了解山西人群的下颌磨牙后管形态学特征,测量相关数据,为磨牙后区及下颌支部位手术安全性提供理论指导。方法系统随机抽取山西医科大学第一医院口腔科400例患者锥形束CT影像资料,筛选符合纳入标准影像,使用锥形束CT及数字化软件测量相关数据,进行磨牙后管分型,建立磨牙后管三维模型,观测并统计磨牙后管数量、分布及走形,对相关数据进行测量。结果本研究最终纳入样本368例,84例样本中存在磨牙后管,发生率为22.83%。其中男性47例,女性37例;左侧55侧,右侧52侧,性别、侧别间差异无统计学意义。以下颌角与磨牙后区后缘为界,将磨牙后管起始位置分为A(下颌支区)、B(磨牙后区)两区,磨牙后管按形态及走形可分为A1~A5、B1~B4共9型,其中磨牙后管起自下颌支区沿下颌骨内侧弯曲向上行走的A3型最为多见,其次是B3型,A4型最少见。磨牙后管平均长度为(10.95±2.76)mm,起始位置平均直径为(1.22±0.50)mm,磨牙后孔平均直径为(1.05±0.39)mm,磨牙后孔距第三磨牙远中釉牙骨质界平均距离为(9.50±3.66)mm。结论山西人群磨牙后管发生率较高,行磨牙后区及下颌支部位手术时需避免术中术后并发症发生。Objective To study the morphological characteristics of the posterior canal of mandibular molars in the Shanxi population,provide theoretical guidance for the surgical safety of the retromolar region and mandibular ramus.Methods A total of 400 patients in the Department of Stomatology of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were randomly selected to screen the images that met the inclusion criteria.Cone beam computed tomography and digital software were used to measure the relevant data.Divide the classification of the retromolar canal,and establish a three-dimensional model of the retromolar canal.The number,distribution and course of the retromolar canals were observed and counted,and the relevant data were measured.Results A total of 368 samples were included in the study,and the retromolar canal was present in 84 samples,with an incidence of 22.83%.There were 47 men and 37 women;there were 55 on the left side and 52 on the right side,with no significant difference between the gender.In this study,the mandibular angle was bounded by the posterior margin of the retromolar region,and the initial position of the retromolar canal was divided into two regions:A(mandibular ramus area)and B(retromolar area).The retromolar canal can be divided into types A1 to A5 and B1 to B4 according to its shape and course,with type A3,which starts from the mandibular ramus area and bends upward along the medial side of the mandible,being the most common,followed by type B3,and type A4 being the least common.The mean length of the retromolar canal was(10.95±2.76)mm,the mean diameter of the starting position was(1.22±0.50)mm,the mean diameter of the retromolar foramen was(1.05±0.39)mm,and the mean distance from the retromolar foramen to the distal enamel cementum boundary of the third molar was(9.50±3.66)mm.Conclusion The incidence of retromolar canals is high in the population of Shanxi Province.It is necessary to note the presence of these canals in order to avoid intraoperative and postoperative complications when

关 键 词：磨牙后管 磨牙后孔 锥形束CT 下颌管分支 分型 发生率 解剖变异 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]