水凝胶作为骨免疫调节性生物材料的研究进展  

Research progress on hydrogels as osteoimmunomodulatory biomaterials

作　　者：何露露 王航[1] 解慧琪[2] HE Lulu;WANG Hang;XIE Huiqi(Department of Prosthodontics,West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Chengdu 610041,China;West China Hospital Sichuan University&State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西口腔医院修复科国家口腔疾病临床研究中心口腔疾病国家重点实验室,四川成都610041 [2]四川大学华西医院生物治疗国家重点实验室,四川成都610041

出　　处：《口腔疾病防治》2023年第1期68-72,共5页Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

基　　金：四川省科技厅计划项目(2019JDRC0020,2019YFH0153)。

摘　　要：随着对生物材料、免疫系统与骨骼系统关系研究的不断深入,依据骨免疫学,通过合理设计材料的性质可调节植入材料引起的宿主反应,具有免疫调节性骨组织工程支架可诱导巨噬细胞及时从促炎M1型转换为抗炎M2型,促进骨整合。水凝胶在骨组织工程中备受关注,水凝胶组成的不同,包括来源、组分含量及分子量、偶联连接蛋白、使用交联剂等均会影响免疫反应,对水凝胶的理化性质进行改性亦可影响免疫反应,如软光刻等处理水凝胶形成的不同表面微形貌,加入酶敏感序列、酯键及使用动态共价化学等避免水凝胶降解过快或过慢,添加制孔剂、3D打印等制备具有互通大孔的水凝胶,柔软可注射水凝胶等,可减少促炎因子表达,促进巨噬细胞分化为M2型及减少异物反应,促进骨再生。然而骨免疫反应机制尚未阐明,需要进一步研究不同理化性质的水凝胶对免疫调节的具体机制。With the advances in understanding the relationships among biomaterials,the immune system and the skeletal system,the host responses elicited by implanted biomaterials can be balanced by properly designing material characteristics from the perspective of osteoimmunology.The immunoregulatory properties of bone tissue engineering scaffolds provide advantages for inducing macrophages from the proinflammatory M1 phenotype to the antiinflammatory M2 phenotype and promoting osseointegration.Hydrogels are increasingly a focus in bone tissue engineering,and the immune response can be affected by different compositions of hydrogels,such as the sources,concentration,molecular weight,coupling with fibronectin,and the addition of crosslinking agents.Different physicochemical properties of modified hydrogels can trigger different host immune responses,modified by using soft photolithography to fabricate micropatterned hydrogels,adding enzymesensitive sequences,ester bonds and dynamic covalent chemistry to prevent rapid or slow degradation of the hydrogels,and adding porogens and 3D printing to modify the hydrogels with macroporous interconnective pore structures,soft and injectable hydrogels,etc.These optimized hydrogels can reduce proinflammatory factors,promote M2 macrophage polarization,and minimize foreign body reactions to evoke bone regeneration.However,the mechanism underlying the bone immune response is still poorly understood,and further study of the effects of hydrogels with different physicochemical properties on immune regulation is needed.

关 键 词：水凝胶 理化性质 骨免疫学 骨再生 免疫反应 异物反应 巨噬细胞 交联 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]