动作表象和动作练习对人类运动皮层突触可塑性调节的差异性研究  

A Study on the Difference between the Regulations of Synaptic Plasticity on Human Motor Cortex by Motor Imagery and Motor Practice

作　　者：项和平 孟海江 宣暄 Xiang Heping;Meng Haijiang;Xuan Xuan(School of Physical Education,Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246133,China)

机构地区：[1]安庆师范大学体育学院,安庆246133

出　　处：《体育与科学》2022年第5期87-95,共9页Sports & Science

摘　　要：目的:两个刺激间间隔为25 ms的配对联合刺激(PAS25)能够诱发初级运动皮层发生类似长时程增强(LTP)的突触可塑性变化,且激活的皮层内环路与运动学习激活的皮层内环路相同,基于此,本研究尝试探讨动作表象(MI)和动作练习(MP)等运动学习方案是否能够有效增强或减弱随后PAS25诱发的类似LTP效应,以及皮层内抑制环路在运动皮层类似LTP效应调节过程中作用。方法:选取12名健康的大学生作为研究对象,以PAS25作为运动皮层类似LTP效应的诱发方案,以MI和MP作为运动学习方案,采用经颅磁刺激技术分别测量单独PAS25,MI结合紧跟着PAS25(MI-PAS25),MP结合紧跟着PAS25(MP-PAS25)干预前,干预后即刻、20、40、60分钟的动作诱发电位(MEP)、短时程皮层内抑制(SICI)和长时程皮层内抑制(LICI)的变化。结果:右手拇短展肌测量结果表明,与单独PAS25相比,MI-PAS25干预后即刻、20、40、60分钟时MEP显著增强,MP-PAS25干预后即刻、20分钟时MEP显著降低。MI-PAS25方案干预后20分钟时SICI显著小于MPPAS25方案,而两者在LICI上没有差异性。右手第一桡侧骨间肌测量结果表明,MEP、SICI、LICI在所有方案间均没有差异性。结论:MI增强了随后PAS25诱发的运动皮层类似LTP效应,而MP则阻碍了随后PAS25诱发的运动皮层类似LTP效应。MI和MP对随后PAS25诱发的类似LTP效应调节的差异性与SICI密切相关。Objective:Paired associative stimulation with an interval of 25 ms(PAS25)can induce long-term potentiation(LTP)-like synaptic plasticity on primary motor cortex,and the activated intracortical circuits are the same as those activated by motor learning.Based on the above,this study attempts to explore whether the motor learning,such as motor imagery(MI)and motor practice(MP),can effectively enhance or attenuate the LTP-like effect induced by PAS25 and the role of intracortical inhibitory circuits in the course of the regulation of the LTP-like effect on motor cortex.Methods:12 healthy college students were selected as the research objects.PAS25 was used to induce the LTP-like effect on motor cortex.MI and MP were performed as the motor learning strategies.Transcranial magnetic stimulation is used to evaluate the changes of motor-evoked potentials(MEP),short-interval intracortical inhibition(SICI)and long-interval intracortical inhibition(LICI)induced0,20,40 and 60 minutes before and after each intervention by single PAS25,MI combined with PAS25(MI PAS25)and MP combined with PAS25(MP PAS25).Results:According to the evaluation results of extensor pollicis brevis of right hands,compared with single PAS25,MEP was significantly enhanced 0,20,40 and 60 minutes after each intervention by MI PAS25,while MEP was significantly reduced 0 and 20 minutes after each intervention by MP PAS25.SICI induced 20 minutes after an intervention by MI PAS25 was significantly lower than that by MP PAS25,and there was no difference between LICI by two plans.According to measuring results of the first radial interosseous muscle,there was no difference among MEP,SICI and LICI evaluated with all the plans.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that MI would enhance the LTP-like effect induced by PAS25 on motor cortex,while MP would inhibit the LTP-like effect induced by PAS25 on motor cortex,and the difference between the regulation by MI and MP of LTP-like effects induced by PAS25 is closely related to SICI.

关 键 词：动作表象 动作练习 初级运动皮层 动作诱发电位 配对联合刺激 经颅磁刺激 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]