中药药性中“苦味”形成机制及生物学意义  

Formation Mechanism and Biological Significance of Bitterness in Traditional Chinese Medicine

作　　者：吕佳桦 朱婵[1] 唐宗湘[1] LU Jiahua;ZHU Chan;TANG Zongxiang(School of Medicine&Holistic Integrative Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Jiangsu Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学医学院·整合医学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期324-331,共8页Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然基金面上项目(31771163);江苏省中医药管理局重点项目(ZD202001)。

摘　　要：“苦”是一种常见的味觉感受,也是中药药性的主要特征;“苦味”作为中药药性“五味”之一,是对中药药物功效和作用规律的高度概括;苦药“能泻、能燥、能坚”,具有“泄火、降气、燥湿和坚阴”等作用;苦味中药占比较高,传统中药理论认为苦味成分就是苦味中药的活性成分,这些成分主要包括生物碱、苷类和苦味质等;感受苦味的受体分子分布在味蕾、肠道和呼吸道等组织器官中。本文综述苦味中药的活性物质成分、苦味分级、苦味产生的机制、苦味与疾病之间的关系和苦味的生物学意义等,期望它能对中药药性的研究和苦味中药的临床应用提供参考。“Bitterness”is a common sense of taste,and is also the main characteristic of the property of traditional Chinese medicine.Bitterness is one of the“five flavors”in the property of traditional Chinese medicine,which is a high overview of the efficacy and the law of action of traditional Chinese medicines.Bitter drugs have the characteristics of“diarrhea,dryness and firmness”,and the functions of“purging fire,lowering qi,drying dampness and strengthening yin”.Bitter medicine accounts for a high proportion of traditional Chinese medicine.In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,bitter ingredients are considered to be the active components of bitter traditional Chinese medicine,which mainly include alkaloids,glycosides and bitter substances.The receptor molecules of bitter sensory are distributed in taste buds,intestines,respiratory tract and other tissues or organs.This paper summarized the active substances,bitterness classification,bitterness formation mechanism,the relationship between bitterness and disease,and the biological significance of bitterness in traditional Chinese bitter medicine.It is expected to provide reference for the study of the properties of traditional Chinese medicine and the clinical application of traditional Chinese bitter medicine.

关 键 词：苦味 中药药性 苦味受体 苦药功能 苦的生物意义 

分 类 号：R285.1[医药卫生—中药学]