紫花苜蓿复合干燥剂配比筛选及干燥机制研究  

Study on ratio screening and drying mechanism of compound desiccant for alfalfa

作　　者：高远 贾玉山 王志军 马天 郝俊峰 郝百贺 赵牧其尔 李宇宇 格根图 GAO Yuan;JIA Yushan;WANG Zhijun;MA Tian;HAO Junfeng;HAO Baihe;ZHAO Muqier;LI Yuyu;Gegentu(College of Grassland Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation,Processing and High Efficient Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院/农业农村部饲草栽培、加工与高效利用重点实验室,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2022年第17期99-103,115,142,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-34);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“苜蓿‘双增双提’加工利用与贮藏关键技术研究与示范”(2021GG0109)。

摘　　要：为了探究适合紫花苜蓿干燥的复合干燥剂的最佳配比及复合干燥剂作用于紫花苜蓿的干燥机制,试验以紫花苜蓿“皇后”为材料,用碳酸钾、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠不同比例配比的8种复合干燥剂(A1~A8)进行处理,以自然干燥为对照(CK),对不同处理下紫花苜蓿的干燥速率、营养品质等相关指标和干草评价指标[相对饲用价值(RFV)、可消化总养分(TDN)]进行测定,并对茎叶结构进行观察。结果表明:在喷施干燥剂后,紫花苜蓿的茎叶表皮结构均出现了一定程度的破坏;A6(2%碳酸氢钠+2.0%碳酸钾+2%碳酸钠)干燥速率最快,但营养品质相对较差,粗蛋白(CP)含量、RFV分别为20.43%、127.67;A3(1%碳酸氢钠+2.5%碳酸钾+1%碳酸钠)干草品质最好,CP含量、RFV分别为21.47%、141.00,同时干燥速率表现也较为优异。说明适合紫花苜蓿干燥的复合干燥剂配比为1%碳酸氢钠+2.5%碳酸钾+1%碳酸钠。In order to investigate the best ratio of compound desiccants suitable for alfalfa drying and the mechanism of compound desiccants acting on alfalfa drying,in the experiment,alfalfa‘Queen’was selected as the material,and treated with 8 kinds of compound desiccants(A1-A8)with different ratios of potassium carbonate,sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.Natural drying was used as the control group(CK).The drying rate,nutritional quality and hay evaluation indexes(RFV,TDN)of alfalfa under different treatments were measured,and the structures of stem and leaf were observed.The results showed that the epidermal structure of alfalfa stems and leaves were all damaged to some extent after spraying desiccant.Alfalfa in group A6(2% sodium bicarbonate+2% potassium carbonate+2% sodium carbonate)had the fastest drying rate,but the nutritional quality was relatively poor,with CP and RFV of 20.43% and 127.67,respectively.Alfalfa in group A3(1% sodium bicarbonate+2.5% potassium carbonate+1% sodium carbonate)had the best drying quality,with CP and RFV of 21.47% and 141.00,respectively,and the drying rate was also excellent.The results indicated that the ratio of compound desiccant suitable for alfalfa drying was 1% sodium bicarbonate+2.5% potassium carbonate+1% sodium carbonate.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 复合干燥剂 干燥速率 营养品质 茎叶结构 

分 类 号：S816.9[农业科学—饲料科学] S963.223.3[农业科学—畜牧学]